Elwood Lisa S, Hahn Kathryn S, Olatunji Bunmi O, Williams Nathan L
Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2009 Feb;29(1):87-100. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002. Epub 2008 Oct 20.
While some individuals develop PTSD subsequent to traumatic experiences, many individuals resume prior functioning naturally. Diathesis-stress models suggest that stable individual differences present in individuals prior to trauma may serve as vulnerability factors to symptom development. The high levels of comorbidity and symptom similarity suggest that established vulnerability factors for anxiety and depression may also serve as vulnerability factors for PTSD. The examination of multiple vulnerability factors simultaneously may increase understanding of the etiology of PTSD and comorbid post-trauma symptomatology and account for a greater percentage of variance in PTSD symptoms. In addition, the vulnerability factors may be related to distinct sets of symptoms, with vulnerabilities predicting the PTSD symptoms most similar to their associated disorders. Research examining the relations between attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and the looming cognitive style and the development of PTSD after trauma exposure is reviewed and suggestions for future research are provided.
虽然一些人在经历创伤后会患上创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），但许多人会自然地恢复到之前的功能状态。素质-应激模型表明，创伤前个体中存在的稳定个体差异可能是症状发展的易感性因素。高共病率和症状相似性表明，已确定的焦虑和抑郁易感性因素也可能是PTSD的易感性因素。同时检查多个易感性因素可能会增加对PTSD病因和创伤后共病症状学的理解，并解释PTSD症状中更大比例的变异。此外，易感性因素可能与不同的症状组相关，易感性预测与相关障碍最相似的PTSD症状。本文回顾了关于归因风格、沉思、焦虑敏感性和迫近认知风格与创伤暴露后PTSD发展之间关系的研究，并提供了未来研究的建议。
