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本文引用的文献

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Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2006.2006年美国成年人吸烟情况
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Nov 9;56(44):1157-61.
2
Cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status, and psychosocial factors: examining a conceptual framework.吸烟、社会经济地位和心理社会因素：审视一个概念框架。
Public Health Nurs. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):361-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2007.00645.x.
3
Parental monitoring moderates the importance of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent smoking.父母的监督调节了基因和环境因素对青少年吸烟行为影响的重要性。
J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 Feb;116(1):213-8. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.213.
4
The absence of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in moderate-to-heavy daily smokers.中度至重度每日吸烟者不存在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）所定义的尼古丁依赖。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Jun 15;89(1):93-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.019. Epub 2007 Feb 5.
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The consequences of the unregulated cigarette.无节制吸烟的后果。
Tob Control. 2006 Oct;15(5):405-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.2006.017277.
6
Smoking patterns and dependence: contrasting chippers and heavy smokers.吸烟模式与成瘾性：轻度烟民与重度烟民的对比
J Abnorm Psychol. 2006 Aug;115(3):509-23. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.3.509.
7
The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults.烟草税削减对加拿大年轻人吸烟行为起始的影响。
Am J Prev Med. 2006 Jun;30(6):474-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.02.001.
8
Prevalence and trends in smoking: a national rural study.吸烟的患病率及趋势：一项全国性农村研究。
J Rural Health. 2006 Spring;22(2):112-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00018.x.
9
Epidemiology and correlates of daily smoking and nicotine dependence among young adults in the United States.美国年轻成年人日常吸烟及尼古丁依赖的流行病学特征与相关因素
Am J Public Health. 2006 Feb;96(2):299-308. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.057232. Epub 2005 Dec 27.
10
Epidemiology and etiology of adolescent smoking.青少年吸烟的流行病学与病因学
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Oct;17(5):607-12. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000176442.49743.31.

美国吸烟行为与尼古丁依赖的变化：来自2001 - 2002年全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查的证据

Changes in cigarette use and nicotine dependence in the United States: evidence from the 2001-2002 wave of the national epidemiologic survey of alcoholism and related conditions.

作者信息

Goodwin Renee D, Keyes Katherine M, Hasin Deborah S

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 2009 Aug;99(8):1471-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.127886. Epub 2008 Nov 13.

DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127886
PMID:19008515
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2707489/
Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We examined the roles of gender and poverty in cigarette use and nicotine dependence among adults in the United States.

METHODS

Our data were drawn from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcoholism and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US adults 18 years and older.

RESULTS

The overall rate of cigarette use declined between 1964 and 2002. Nicotine dependence does not appear to have declined overall, and there is evidence that nicotine dependence has increased among women in recent cohorts. The odds of nicotine dependence among cigarette users appear to have increased significantly in recent cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite recent declines in cigarette use, the prevalence of nicotine dependence has increased among some groups and has remained steady overall, which may be hampering public health initiatives to reduce cigarette use. Efforts to study or curb cigarette use should therefore take nicotine dependence into account.

摘要

目的

我们研究了性别和贫困在美国成年人吸烟及尼古丁依赖方面所起的作用。

方法

我们的数据取自2001 - 2002年全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查，这是一个具有全国代表性的18岁及以上美国成年人样本。

结果

1964年至2002年间，总体吸烟率有所下降。总体而言，尼古丁依赖似乎并未下降，且有证据表明，在最近几代人群中，女性的尼古丁依赖有所增加。在最近几代人群中，吸烟者尼古丁依赖的几率似乎显著增加。

结论

尽管近期吸烟率有所下降，但尼古丁依赖在某些群体中的患病率有所上升，总体上保持稳定，这可能会阻碍减少吸烟的公共卫生举措。因此，研究或遏制吸烟的努力应考虑到尼古丁依赖因素。