Dick Danielle M, Viken Richard, Purcell Shaun, Kaprio Jaakko, Pulkkinen Lea, Rose Richard J
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 Feb;116(1):213-8. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.213.
Although there is a substantial literature on the role of parenting in adolescent substance use, most parenting effects have been small in magnitude and studied outside the context of genetically informative designs, raising debate and controversy about the influence that parents have on their children (D. C. Rowe, 1994). Using a genetically informative twin-family design, the authors studied the role of parental monitoring on adolescent smoking at age 14. Although monitoring had only small main effects, consistent with the literature, there were dramatic moderation effects associated with parental monitoring: At high levels of parental monitoring, environmental influences were predominant in the etiology of adolescent smoking, but at low levels of parental monitoring, genetic influences assumed far greater importance. These analyses demonstrate that the etiology of adolescent smoking varies dramatically as a function of parenting.
尽管有大量关于养育方式在青少年物质使用方面作用的文献，但大多数养育方式的影响程度较小，且是在缺乏遗传信息设计的背景下进行研究的，这引发了关于父母对子女影响的争论和争议（D.C. 罗，1994）。作者采用了具有遗传信息的双生子家庭设计，研究了父母监督在14岁青少年吸烟问题上的作用。尽管监督的主效应较小，与文献一致，但父母监督存在显著的调节效应：在父母监督水平较高时，环境影响在青少年吸烟的病因中占主导地位，但在父母监督水平较低时，遗传影响的重要性要大得多。这些分析表明，青少年吸烟的病因会因养育方式的不同而有显著差异。
