Ruggiero G M, Bertelli S, Boccalari L, Centorame F, Ditucci A, La Mela C, Scarinci A, Vinai P, Scarone S, Sassaroli S
Studi Cognitivi, Post-Graduate Cognitive Psychotherapy School, Milan, Italy.
Eat Weight Disord. 2008 Sep;13(3):142-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03327615.
Perfectionism, poor self-esteem and stress have all been described as important risk factors for eating disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a stressful situation is significantly correlated to and associated with significantly higher levels of perfectionism, stress, quantifiable measures of eating disorders, and with significantly lower levels of self-esteem in a non-clinical sample.
Thirty-five female university students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Eating Disorder Inventory two times; once on an average university day and once on the day of an exam. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were calculated to verify whether a stressful situation was associated with a significant difference in levels of perfectionism, self-esteem, stress, and measures of eating disorders. Bivariate correlations were calculated for both the stress and non-stress situation, to observe how the dimensions of perfectionism, self-esteem, and stress were associated with measures of eating disorders.
During the stress situation, the study participants had, on average, significantly higher levels of concern over mistakes, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and perceived stress. Bivariate correlations revealed that during the stress situation perceived stress, cognitive variables and measures of eating disorders showed significant correlations with each other that were absent in the non stress situation.
The results of the present study suggest that the dimensions of pathological perfectionism, low self-esteem, and perceived stress are related to an increase in dieting thoughts and dissatisfaction with body aspect in non-clinical women during a performance that could potentially challenge the perception of their self-esteem. The stressful situation can be interpreted as an experience of invalidation, which could explain the connection between cognitive constructs and behaviours related to eating disorders.
完美主义、低自尊和压力都被认为是饮食失调的重要风险因素。本研究旨在评估在非临床样本中，压力情境是否与更高水平的完美主义、压力、饮食失调的可量化指标显著相关，以及是否与更低水平的自尊显著相关。
35名女大学生两次完成多维完美主义量表、罗森伯格自尊量表、感知压力量表和饮食失调量表；一次是在大学的平常日子，一次是在考试当天。计算描述性统计量和t检验，以验证压力情境是否与完美主义、自尊、压力水平以及饮食失调指标的显著差异相关。计算压力情境和非压力情境下的双变量相关性，以观察完美主义、自尊和压力维度与饮食失调指标之间的关联。
在压力情境下，研究参与者在平均水平上对错误、身体不满、追求瘦身和感知压力的关注度显著更高。双变量相关性显示，在压力情境下，感知压力、认知变量和饮食失调指标之间存在显著相关性，而在非压力情境下则不存在。
本研究结果表明，病理性完美主义、低自尊和感知压力维度与非临床女性在可能挑战其自尊认知的表现过程中节食想法的增加和对身体方面的不满有关。压力情境可以被解释为一种无效感的体验，这可以解释与饮食失调相关的认知结构和行为之间的联系。
