Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Science Education and Sport, University of Granada, Calle Santander, N° 1, 52071 Melilla, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 16;17(18):6754. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186754.
Eating disorders are associated with short and long-term consequences that can affect sports performance. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether female athletes, particularly gymnasts and footballers, exhibit more eating problems compared to female non-athletes, and to identify individual personality characteristics including anxiety, self-esteem, and perfectionism as possible contributors to eating disorder risk. In a sample of 120 participants, 80 adolescent female athletes were compared to a control condition of 40 non-athletes (mean age 17.2 ± 2.82). Participants responded to a questionnaire package to investigate the presence of disordered eating (SCOFF) and psychological variables in relation to disordered eating symptoms or eating disorder status. Subsequently, anthropometric measures were obtained individually by trained staff. There were statistically significant differences between conditions. One of the most important results was the score in SCOFF (Mann-Whitney = 604, < 0.05; Cohen's = 0.52, r = 0.25), being higher in control than in the gymnast condition. These results suggest that non-athlete female adolescents show more disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts than female adolescents from aesthetic sport modalities and, therefore, may have an enhanced risk of developing clinical eating disorders.
进食障碍与短期和长期的后果有关，这些后果可能会影响运动表现。本研究的目的是调查女性运动员，特别是体操运动员和足球运动员，是否比非运动员女性表现出更多的进食问题，并确定个体的人格特征，包括焦虑、自尊和完美主义，是否可能导致进食障碍的风险增加。在 120 名参与者的样本中，将 80 名青春期女性运动员与 40 名非运动员的对照组进行了比较（平均年龄 17.2 ± 2.82 岁）。参与者回答了一份问卷，以调查饮食失调（SCOFF）和与饮食失调症状或饮食失调状况相关的心理变量。随后，由经过培训的工作人员单独进行人体测量。条件之间存在统计学差异。其中一个最重要的结果是 SCOFF 评分（Mann-Whitney = 604，<0.05；Cohen's = 0.52，r = 0.25），对照组的评分高于体操组。这些结果表明，非运动员女性青少年的进食行为和思维比从事审美运动的女性青少年更紊乱，因此可能有更高的患临床饮食障碍的风险。
