Vaquero J, Zurita M
Neuroscience Research Unit, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Histol Histopathol. 2009 Jan;24(1):107-16. doi: 10.14670/HH-24.107.
In the last years, it has been reported that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are able to differentiate towards a neuronal phenotype, in vitro as well as in vivo, and consequently, the possible use of these cells for the treatment of neurological diseases has acquired enormous importance. The objective of this review is to discuss the experimental findings that suggested the utility of BMSC for the treatment of paraplegia, and the possibilities of its clinical application in patients. For this reason, we revise our previous experimental findings about neuronal transdifferentiation of BMSC, and the utility of local BMSC transplantation in an experimental model of chronic paraplegia. Our current experience supports that a neural transdifferentiation of BMSC is possible after these mesenchymal stem cells are transplanted into injured spinal cord tissue. Furthermore, this cell therapy achieves a clear functional improvement of paraplegic animals, together with morphological evidence of spinal cord regeneration. Although at present our efforts should be guided to obtain a better knowledge of the mechanisms of nervous regeneration induced by bone-marrow derived stem cells, it is obvious that cell therapy for nervous system repair is beginning, and BMSC transplantation offers new hope for the treatment of traumatic paraplegia in humans.
近年来，有报道称骨髓基质细胞（BMSC）在体外和体内均能够向神经元表型分化，因此，这些细胞在治疗神经疾病方面的潜在用途已变得极为重要。本综述的目的是讨论表明BMSC对截瘫治疗有用的实验结果，以及其在患者中的临床应用可能性。因此，我们回顾了之前关于BMSC神经元转分化以及局部BMSC移植在慢性截瘫实验模型中的效用的实验结果。我们目前的经验支持，将这些间充质干细胞移植到损伤的脊髓组织后，BMSC有可能发生神经转分化。此外，这种细胞疗法可使截瘫动物的功能得到明显改善，同时还有脊髓再生的形态学证据。尽管目前我们应致力于更好地了解骨髓源性干细胞诱导神经再生的机制，但显然神经系统修复的细胞疗法已初现端倪，BMSC移植为人类创伤性截瘫的治疗带来了新希望。
