Minear Meredith, Shah Priti
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2008 Dec;36(8):1470-83. doi: 10.3758/MC.336.8.1470.
Performance on task switching, a paradigm commonly used to measure executive function, has been shown to improve with practice. However, no study has tested whether these benefits are specific to the tasks learned or are transferable to new situations. We report evidence of transferable improvement in a cued, randomly switching paradigm as measured by mixing cost, but we report no consistent improvement for switch cost. Improvement in mixing costs arises from a relative reduction in time to perform both switch and nonswitch trials that immediately follow switch trials, implicating the ability to recover from unexpected switches as the source of improvement. These results add to a growing number of studies demonstrating generalizable improvement with training on executive processing.
任务切换是一种常用于测量执行功能的范式，研究表明，通过练习，任务切换的表现会得到改善。然而，尚无研究测试这些益处是特定于所学任务，还是可转移到新情境中。我们报告了在一种提示性随机切换范式中，以混合成本衡量的可转移改善的证据，但未发现切换成本有一致的改善。混合成本的改善源于在紧接切换试验后的切换试验和非切换试验执行时间的相对减少，这表明从意外切换中恢复的能力是改善的来源。这些结果进一步补充了越来越多的研究，这些研究表明执行加工训练具有可推广的改善效果。
