斯特鲁普任务中的多重控制水平。
Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task.
作者信息
Bugg Julie M, Jacoby Larry L, Toth Jeffrey P
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
出版信息
Mem Cognit. 2008 Dec;36(8):1484-94. doi: 10.3758/MC.36.8.1484.
Multiple levels of control may be used in service of reducing Stroop interference. One is list-wide, whereby interference is reduced strategically in lists that include disproportionately more incongruent trials. A second, item-specific control is observed when proportion congruence is manipulated at the level of items. Item-specific control reduces interference for mostly incongruent relative to mostly congruent items. First, we show that item-specific control may drive both list-wide and item-specific proportion congruence effects (Experiment 1). We then show that item-specific control affects Stroop interference similarly when a single feature (a word) as opposed to a feature combination (a word+font type) signals proportion congruence (Experiment 2). Although this suggests that font type offers little advantage for controlling Stroop interference beyond the word, a novel, font-specific proportion congruence effect is observed in Experiment 3, indicating that font type can be used to control interference. These findings support the idea that multiple levels of control are used in reducing Stroop interference.
为了减少斯特鲁普干扰，可以采用多种控制水平。一种是列表范围的控制，即在包含不成比例地更多不一致试验的列表中，策略性地减少干扰。第二种是特定项目的控制，当在项目层面操纵比例一致性时可以观察到这种控制。相对于大多一致的项目，特定项目的控制减少了大多不一致项目的干扰。首先，我们表明特定项目的控制可能驱动列表范围和特定项目的比例一致性效应（实验1）。然后我们表明，当单个特征（一个单词）而非特征组合（一个单词+字体类型）表示比例一致性时，特定项目的控制对斯特鲁普干扰的影响类似（实验2）。尽管这表明字体类型在控制斯特鲁普干扰方面除了单词之外几乎没有优势，但在实验3中观察到了一种新的、特定字体的比例一致性效应，表明字体类型可用于控制干扰。这些发现支持了在减少斯特鲁普干扰时使用多种控制水平的观点。
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