Weldetekle Hayelom, Teka Hale, Gidey Hagos, Sharew Assefa, Gebremeskel Mebrihit, Tafere Ruta Mehari, Berhe Hailesllassie
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of General Surgery, Alamata General Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 29;15(1):10853. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95301-6.
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF) poses a significant risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens among healthcare workers, especially in low-income countries. Physicians are at higher risk due to their direct involvement in patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with occupational exposure to blood and body fluid exposure among physicians in a teaching hospital in northern Ethiopia. An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1-March 31, 2020. A total of 255 physicians were selected by simple randomization. Data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with blood and body fluid exposure. Of the 255 participants, 188 (73.7%) were male, and the mean age was 28.21 years (SD ± 4.08). The prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluid in the last three months was 94 (36.9%), and lifetime exposure was 210 (82.4%). Exposure was most common among residents (52.1%) and interns (35.1%). The highest exposure rates occurred in the departments of obstetrics and gynecology (30.8%) and general surgery (24.5%). Working more than 8 h per day (AOR = 4.87, 95% CI 2.46-9.63), lack of infection prevention training (AOR = 5.36, 95% CI 1.83-15.72) and inconsistent use of gloves (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.69-5.61) were significantly associated with BBF exposure. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluid exposure is high among physicians, especially among residents and interns. Factors such as long working hours, lack of infection prevention training and inconsistent use of personal protective equipment contribute to this risk. Measures to provide training, ensure the availability and consistent use of personal protective equipment and manage workload are essential to reduce occupational exposure.
职业暴露于血液和体液（BBF）对医护人员，尤其是低收入国家的医护人员而言，是血源性病原体传播的重大风险。医生因其直接参与患者护理而面临更高风险。本研究的目的是调查埃塞俄比亚北部一家教学医院医生职业暴露于血液和体液的患病率及相关因素。2020年1月1日至3月31日在艾德尔综合专科医院开展了一项机构横断面研究。通过简单随机抽样选取了255名医生。使用结构化的自填问卷收集数据。采用描述性统计对数据进行总结。进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定与血液和体液暴露相关的因素。255名参与者中，188名（73.7%）为男性，平均年龄为28.21岁（标准差±4.08）。过去三个月职业暴露于血液和体液的患病率为94例（36.9%），终生暴露率为210例（82.4%）。暴露在住院医师（52.1%）和实习医生（35.1%）中最为常见。暴露率最高的科室是妇产科（30.8%）和普通外科（24.5%）。每天工作超过8小时（调整后比值比[AOR]=4.87，95%置信区间[CI] 2.46 - 9.63）、缺乏感染预防培训（AOR = 5.36，95% CI 1.83 - 15.72）以及手套使用不规范（AOR = 3.08，95% CI 1.69 - 5.61）与血液和体液暴露显著相关。医生中职业暴露于血液和体液的情况很常见，尤其是住院医师和实习医生。长时间工作、缺乏感染预防培训以及个人防护装备使用不规范等因素导致了这种风险。提供培训、确保个人防护装备的可及性和规范使用以及管理工作量等措施对于减少职业暴露至关重要。
