Mengistu Dechasa Adare, Dirirsa Gebisa, Mati Elsai, Ayele Dinku Mekbib, Bayu Kefelegn, Deriba Wegene, Alemu Fekade Ketema, Demmu Yohannes Mulugeta, Asefa Yohanis Alemeshet, Geremew Abraham
Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2022 Jun 3;2022:5732046. doi: 10.1155/2022/5732046. eCollection 2022.
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids has become a serious public health problem for healthcare workers and is a major risk for the transmission of various infections such as human immune-deficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the career time and previous one-year global pooled prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers.
For the review, the articles published in English were searched using the electronic databases (SCOPUS/Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, DOAJ, and MedNar) with a combination of Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and NOT), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and keywords. A quality assessment was conducted to determine the relevance of the articles using JBI critical appraisal tools. Furthermore, several steps of assessment and evaluation were taken to select and analyze the relevant articles.
Of the 3912 articles identified through the electronic database search, 33 that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The current study found that the global pooled prevalence of blood and body fluids among healthcare workers during career time and in the previous one year accounted for 56.6% (95% CI: 47.3, 65.4) and 39.0% (95% CI: 32.7, 45.7), respectively. Based on subgroup analysis by publication year, survey year, and World Health Organization regions, the highest prevalence of blood and body fluid exposure in the last 12 months was observed among articles published between 2004 and 2008 (66.3%), conducted between 2003 and 2008 (66.6%), and conducted in the Southeast Asia Region (46.9%). The highest career time prevalence was 60.6%, 71.0%, and 68.4% for articles published between 2015 and 2020, conducted between 2015 and 2019, and reported in the African region, respectively.
The current study revealed a high prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers and suggests the need to improve occupational health and safety services in healthcare systems globally.
医护人员职业接触血液和体液已成为一个严重的公共卫生问题，是传播各种感染（如人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒）的主要风险。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定医护人员职业接触血液和体液的职业生涯时间以及前一年的全球汇总患病率。
对于该评价，使用电子数据库（SCOPUS/科学Direct、PubMed、科学网、谷歌学术、CINAHL、MEDLINE、考克兰图书馆、DOAJ和MedNar），结合布尔逻辑运算符（AND、OR和NOT）、医学主题词（MeSH）和关键词搜索以英文发表的文章。使用JBI批判性评价工具进行质量评估以确定文章的相关性。此外，还采取了几个评估和评价步骤来选择和分析相关文章。
通过电子数据库搜索确定的3912篇文章中，33篇符合纳入标准的文章被纳入最终分析。当前研究发现，医护人员在职业生涯期间和前一年职业接触血液和体液的全球汇总患病率分别为56.6%（95%CI：47.3，65.4）和39.0%（95%CI：32.7，45.7）。根据按出版年份、调查年份和世界卫生组织区域进行的亚组分析，在2004年至2008年发表的文章、2003年至2008年进行的调查以及东南亚区域进行的调查中，观察到过去12个月血液和体液接触的患病率最高（分别为66.3%、66.6%和46.9%）。对于2015年至2020年发表的文章、2015年至2019年进行的调查以及非洲区域报告的文章，职业生涯时间患病率最高分别为60.6%、71.0%和68.4%。
当前研究揭示了医护人员职业接触血液和体液的患病率很高，并表明需要改善全球医疗系统中的职业健康和安全服务。
