He Ming-guang, Lin Zhi, Huang Juan, Lu Yan, Wu Chang-fan, Xu Jing-jing
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Jun;44(6):491-6.
To estimate the prevalence of refractive error in school-aged children in urban setting of Southern China.
In this population-based cross-sectional study, children aged 5 to 15 years old were randomly selected by clustering sampling and door-to-door survey, and were examined in 71 schools and 19 community stations from October 2002 to January 2003. The examination included visual acuity measurement, ocular motility evaluation, retinoscopy, autorefraction under cycloplegia and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus.
Of 5053 children living in 4814 households enumerated, 4364 (86.4%) were examined. The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent, SE < -0.50 D) was 35.1% (95% CI: 33.2%-36.9%) with retinoscopy, this rate increased from 3. 3% in 5-year-old to 73.1% in 15-year-old. Females had a significantly higher risk of myopia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.51). The prevalence of hyperopia (SE > or = + 2.00 D) was 5.8% (95% CI: 5.3%-6.3%) and decreased from 16.7% in 5-year-old to less than 1% in 15-year-old. Astigmatism (cylinder > or = 0.75 D) was presented in 33.6% of children examined with retinoscopy and in 42.7% with autorefraction.
The prevalence of myopia is high in Chinese school-age children living in urban Guangzhou, representing an important public health problem. The coverage and quality of refractive correction in the children need to be improved.
评估中国南方城市学龄儿童屈光不正的患病率。
在这项基于人群的横断面研究中，于2002年10月至2003年1月通过整群抽样和挨家挨户调查随机选取5至15岁的儿童，并在71所学校和19个社区站点进行检查。检查内容包括视力测量、眼球运动评估、检影验光、睫状肌麻痹下自动验光以及眼外部、眼前段、眼介质和眼底检查。
在列举的4814户家庭中的5053名儿童中，4364名（86.4%）接受了检查。检影验光显示近视（等效球镜度，SE < -0.50 D）患病率为35.1%（95%可信区间：33.2% - 36.9%），该患病率从5岁儿童的3.3%升至15岁儿童的73.1%。女性患近视的风险显著更高（调整优势比：1.29，95%可信区间：1.11 - 1.51）。远视（SE ≥ + 2.00 D）患病率为5.8%（95%可信区间：5.3% - 6.3%），从5岁儿童的16.7%降至15岁儿童的不足1%。检影验光检查的儿童中散光（柱镜度≥ 0.75 D）患病率为33.6%，自动验光检查的患病率为42.7%。
居住在广州城市的中国学龄儿童近视患病率很高，这是一个重要的公共卫生问题。儿童屈光矫正的覆盖范围和质量需要提高。
