Hashemi Hassan, Rezvan Farhad, Yekta Abbas Ali, Hashemi Maryam, Norouzirad Reza, Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr-Jun;21(2):175-81. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.129772.
The prevalence of astigmatism, and the astigmatic axis, and their determinants were evaluated in a rural population of Iran.
In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2011, 13 villages in the vicinity of the city of Khaf in northeast Iran were investigated in this study. All the examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy were performed in a Mobile Eye Clinic. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Only phakic eye that could be reliably refracted without a previous history of ocular surgery were included.
Out of 2635 participants who were screened, 2124 were analysed for this study of whom 52% were female. The prevalence of astigmatism was 32.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 30.2-34.2). Astigmatism significantly increased from 14.3% in the under 15-year-old age group to 67.2% in the age group of over 65-years old (P < 0.001). The prevalence of With-The-Rule (WTR), Against-The-Rule (ATR), and oblique astigmatism was 11.7%, 18.1%, and 2.4 %, respectively. ATR significantly increased with age (P < 0.001). The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.73 D which linearly increased with age (P < 0.001).
Attention must be paid to astigmatism in rural areas due to the high prevalence. Further studies are suggested to discover the role of the environmental and genetic factors. It seems that environmental and occupational factors in the villages cause a significant increase in the prevalence of astigmatism with age. A high percentage of participants had ATR astigmatism, which was more common at older ages.
评估伊朗农村人口中散光的患病率、散光轴及其决定因素。
在2011年5月至8月进行的一项横断面研究中，对伊朗东北部哈夫市附近的13个村庄进行了调查。所有检查，包括视力、验光、裂隙灯生物显微镜检查和眼底检查，均在流动眼科诊所进行。所有参与者均获得书面知情同意。仅纳入无眼部手术史且能可靠验光的有晶状体眼。
在筛查的2635名参与者中，2124名被纳入本研究分析，其中52%为女性。散光患病率为32.2%（95%置信区间（CI）：30.2 - 34.2）。散光患病率从15岁以下年龄组的14.3%显著增加到65岁以上年龄组的67.2%（P < 0.001）。顺规散光（WTR）、逆规散光（ATR）和斜向散光的患病率分别为11.7%、18.1%和2.4%。ATR随年龄显著增加（P < 0.001）。平均角膜散光为0.73 D，随年龄呈线性增加（P < 0.001）。
由于农村地区散光患病率较高，必须予以关注。建议进一步研究以发现环境和遗传因素的作用。似乎农村地区的环境和职业因素导致散光患病率随年龄显著增加。高比例参与者患有ATR散光，且在老年时更为常见。
