Passie Torsten, Halpern John H, Stichtenoth Dirk O, Emrich Hinderk M, Hintzen Annelie
Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2008 Winter;14(4):295-314. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00059.x.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called "experimental psychosis" by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures ("psycholytic" and "psychedelic" therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and better study oversight, scientific interest in LSD has resumed for brain research and experimental treatments. Due to the lack of any comprehensive review since the 1950s and the widely dispersed experimental literature, the present review focuses on all aspects of the pharmacology and psychopharmacology of LSD. A thorough search of the experimental literature regarding the pharmacology of LSD was performed and the extracted results are given in this review. (Psycho-) pharmacological research on LSD was extensive and produced nearly 10,000 scientific papers. The pharmacology of LSD is complex and its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. LSD is physiologically well tolerated and psychological reactions can be controlled in a medically supervised setting, but complications may easily result from uncontrolled use by layman. Actually there is new interest in LSD as an experimental tool for elucidating neural mechanisms of (states of) consciousness and there are recently discovered treatment options with LSD in cluster headache and with the terminally ill.
麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）于1938年合成，其精神活性作用于1943年被发现。在20世纪50年代和60年代，它被用作精神病学研究中的实验药物，通过改变神经递质系统来产生所谓的“实验性精神病”，并用于心理治疗程序（“精神分解”和“迷幻”疗法）。从20世纪60年代中期开始，它成为一种滥用的非法药物，至今仍被广泛使用。随着新研究方法的出现和更好的研究监督，科学界对LSD在大脑研究和实验性治疗方面的兴趣得以恢复。由于自20世纪50年代以来缺乏全面的综述，且实验文献广泛分散，本综述聚焦于LSD药理学和精神药理学的各个方面。对有关LSD药理学的实验文献进行了全面检索，并在本综述中给出了提取的结果。关于LSD的（精神）药理学研究广泛，产生了近10000篇科学论文。LSD的药理学很复杂，其作用机制仍未完全了解。LSD在生理上耐受性良好，心理反应在医学监督的环境中可以得到控制，但外行人无节制使用很容易导致并发症。实际上，人们对LSD作为阐明意识（状态）神经机制的实验工具产生了新的兴趣，最近还发现LSD可用于治疗丛集性头痛和绝症患者。
