Brook Amara T, Garcia Julie, Fleming Monique
Psychology Department, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Dec;34(12):1588-600. doi: 10.1177/0146167208324629.
The authors propose that the effects of multiple identities on psychological well-being depend on the number of identities, importance of those identities, and relationship between them. Specifically, this model predicts that when identities are highly important, having many versus few identities leads to greater psychological well-being if the identities are in harmony with each other-providing resources and expecting similar behaviors-but leads to lower psychological well-being if the identities conflict with each other-depleting resources and expecting incompatible behaviors. However, when identities are less important, neither the number of identities nor identity harmony should affect well-being. The authors further propose that emotions corresponding to self-perceptions of actual/ought self-discrepancies mediate these effects. Results supported this model. The authors discuss implications of this model for well-being in the context of the increasing social complexity of modern life.
作者们提出，多重身份对心理健康的影响取决于身份的数量、这些身份的重要性以及它们之间的关系。具体而言，该模型预测，当身份非常重要时，如果身份之间相互协调——提供资源并期望相似的行为，那么拥有多个身份与拥有较少身份相比会带来更高的心理健康水平；但如果身份之间相互冲突——消耗资源并期望不相容的行为，那么拥有多个身份会导致更低的心理健康水平。然而，当身份不太重要时，身份的数量和身份协调性都不应影响幸福感。作者们进一步提出，与实际自我/理想自我差异的自我认知相对应的情绪会调节这些影响。研究结果支持了该模型。作者们讨论了在现代生活社会复杂性日益增加的背景下，该模型对幸福感的影响。
