Wood Dustin, Roberts Brent W
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 61820, USA.
J Pers. 2006 Jun;74(3):779-809. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00392.x.
A conceptual hierarchy termed the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model, or PRISM, is offered as a framework for incorporating situational information into trait models. PRISM assumes that personality is structured hierarchically with general dispositions subsuming context-specific dispositions (role identities), which, in turn, subsume role-based thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. At Wave 1 (N = 149), we found that general traits account for commonalities across traits measured within role identities and that role identities mediate the relationship between general traits and role criteria. In a longitudinal follow-up of a subsample of the original participants (Wave 2; N = 62), we found that general traits and role-identity traits were more stable than role experiences over time. Also, changes in role experiences were related to changes in role-identity traits, and, in turn, changes in role-identity traits were related to changes in general traits. The potential of PRISM for use in understanding the development of personality traits is discussed.
一种名为“人格与角色认同结构模型”（PRISM）的概念层次结构被提出，作为将情境信息纳入特质模型的框架。PRISM假定人格是分层构建的，一般倾向包含特定情境下的倾向（角色认同），而角色认同又包含基于角色的思想、情感和行为。在第一波研究（N = 149）中，我们发现一般特质解释了角色认同中所测量特质之间的共性，并且角色认同介导了一般特质与角色标准之间的关系。在对原始参与者的一个子样本进行纵向跟踪研究（第二波；N = 62）中，我们发现随着时间推移一般特质和角色认同特质比角色经历更稳定。此外，角色经历的变化与角色认同特质的变化相关，反过来，角色认同特质的变化又与一般特质的变化相关。本文还讨论了PRISM在理解人格特质发展方面的应用潜力。
