Demeler J, Van Zeveren A M J, Kleinschmidt N, Vercruysse J, Höglund J, Koopmann R, Cabaret J, Claerebout E, Areskog M, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G
Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Mar 9;160(1-2):109-15. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.030. Epub 2008 Oct 19.
Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) using ivermectin (IVM) and benzimidazole (BZ) were conducted to investigate the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastro-intestinal nematodes on cattle farms in Germany, Belgium and Sweden in 2006 and 2007. Based on sufficient numbers of eggs prior to the study, between 3 and 10 farms per country were selected. 10-15 animals were randomly selected per farm and subcutaneously treated with 0.2 mg IVM/kg bodyweight (Ivomec, Merial). Faecal samples were collected individually from every animal on day 0 (treatment), day 7 (Belgium & Sweden) or 14 (Germany), and day 21 (Germany, Belgium and Sweden). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed at each sampling occasion to estimate the eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the reduction of eggs after treatment. The FECRT using IVM in 2006 revealed mean reduction of egg counts between 69-100% on day 7/14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 19-102) and 35-96% (95% CI 0-102) on day 21. Farms with a suggested problem of anthelmintic resistance have been re-visited in 2007 and except for one case all results obtained in 2006 were confirmed in 2007. Larvae obtained from faecal cultures were identified using microscopic identification keys or genus-specific real time PCR. Cooperia oncophora was the predominant species detected after treatment, but Ostertagia ostertagi was found in samples on 3 farms in Germany and 3 farms in Sweden post-treatment. In 2007 additionally a FECRT using benzimidazoles was conducted in Germany and Sweden. In Germany oral Valbazen (albendazole, 10%, Pfizer) was used at a concentration of 7.5 mg albendazole/kg bodyweight; in Sweden Valbazen Vet (albendazole, 10%, Orion Pharma) at a dose of 8 mg/kg was used. For benzimidazoles an efficacy of 100% was obtained on all tested farms in both countries. This is the first report of a multinational anthelmintic efficacy investigation in cattle in Europe. The results suggest that testing of anthelmintic efficacy should be performed more intensively due to possible insufficient efficacy of current drugs.
2006年和2007年，在德国、比利时和瑞典的养牛场开展了使用伊维菌素（IVM）和苯并咪唑（BZ）的粪便虫卵计数减少试验（FECRT），以调查胃肠道线虫抗驱虫药的流行情况。根据研究前充足的虫卵数量，每个国家选择了3至10个农场。每个农场随机选取10 - 15头动物，皮下注射0.2 mg IVM/千克体重（伊维菌素，梅里亚公司）。在第0天（治疗日）、第7天（比利时和瑞典）或第14天（德国）以及第21天（德国、比利时和瑞典），从每头动物单独采集粪便样本。在每个采样时间点进行粪便虫卵计数（FEC），以估计每克粪便中的虫卵数（EPG）以及治疗后虫卵的减少情况。2006年使用IVM的FECRT显示，第7/14天时虫卵计数平均减少69 - 100%（95%置信区间（CI）19 - 102），第21天时减少35 - 96%（95% CI 0 - 102）。2007年对存在抗驱虫药问题迹象的农场进行了复查，除一例之外，2006年获得的所有结果在2007年都得到了证实。使用显微镜鉴定指南或属特异性实时PCR对粪便培养物中获得的幼虫进行鉴定。治疗后检测到的主要虫种是牛库珀线虫，但在德国的3个农场和瑞典的3个农场治疗后的样本中发现了奥斯特他加线虫。2007年，德国和瑞典还额外开展了使用苯并咪唑的FECRT。在德国，口服的Valbazen（阿苯达唑，10%，辉瑞公司）以7.5 mg阿苯达唑/千克体重的浓度使用；在瑞典，使用剂量为8 mg/千克的Valbazen Vet（阿苯达唑，10%，奥立安制药公司）。两国所有测试农场使用苯并咪唑的疗效均达到100%。这是欧洲首次关于多国牛驱虫药疗效调查的报告。结果表明由于当前药物可能疗效不足，应更密集地开展驱虫药疗效检测。
