Riber Christian, Petersen Claus, Christensen Thomas H
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2830 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Waste Manag. 2009 Apr;29(4):1251-7. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.09.013. Epub 2008 Dec 4.
The chemical composition of Danish household waste was determined by two approaches: a direct method where the chemical composition (61 substances) of 48 material fractions was determined after hand sorting of about 20 tonnes of waste collected from 2200 households; and an indirect method where batches of 80-1200 tonnes of unsorted household waste was incinerated and the content of the waste determined from the content of the outputs from the incinerator. The indirect method is believed to better represent the small but highly contaminated material fractions (e.g., batteries) than the direct method, because of the larger quantities included and the more homogenous material to sample from. Differences between the direct and the direct methods led to corrections in the of heavy metal concentration of a few fractions. The majority of the energy content of the waste originates from organic waste like paper, cardboard and organic fractions. The single fraction contributing most to the total energy content is the non-recyclable plastic fraction, contributing 21% of the energy content and 60% of the chlorine content, although this fraction comprises less than 7% by weight. Heavy metals originate mainly from inert fractions, primarily batteries.
一种是直接法，对从2200户家庭收集的约20吨垃圾进行手工分类后，测定48种物料组分的化学成分（61种物质）；另一种是间接法，将80 - 1200吨未分类的生活垃圾进行焚烧，并根据焚烧炉输出物的成分来确定垃圾的成分。由于间接法所包含的数量更多且采样的物料更均匀，所以人们认为间接法比直接法能更好地代表那些数量虽少但污染严重的物料组分（如电池）。直接法和间接法之间的差异导致对一些组分的重金属浓度进行了修正。垃圾的大部分能量来自纸、纸板和有机组分等有机垃圾。对总能量贡献最大的单一组分是不可回收塑料组分，其贡献了21%的能量含量和60%的氯含量，尽管该组分重量占比不到7%。重金属主要来自惰性组分，主要是电池。
