Ding Yan S, Zhang Liqin, Jain Ram B, Jain Ntasha, Wang Richard Y, Ashley David L, Watson Clifford H
Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Dec;17(12):3366-71. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0320.
It has been estimated that one in every five cancer deaths worldwide are related to tobacco use. According to the IARC, 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 8 tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), as well as at least 45 other compounds or substances found in tobacco smoke, are potential human carcinogens. The levels of these carcinogens in contents of tobacco and smoke emissions vary between different tobacco products. We evaluated mainstream smoke emissions from cigarettes made with different types of tobacco to examine the relation between their deliveries of TSNAs and PAHs and any possible influence from tobacco nitrate content. To investigate the contribution of tobacco content to mainstream cigarette smoke deliveries without confounders such as filter design, filter ventilation, and paper porosity, we used custom-made, research-grade, unfiltered cigarettes that contained bright, burley, oriental, reconstituted, or mixtures of these tobaccos. Our findings confirm results from other researchers that tobacco type can influence the mainstream smoke delivery of nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs. However, we found that the effect varies among individual compounds. In addition, we observed a statistically significant relationship between nitrate content and mainstream smoke 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK); nitrate level also influenced the mainstream smoke deliveries of the summed total of the 10 PAHs identified by IARC as potential human carcinogens. The influence of nitrate on mainstream smoke NNK and PAH levels were of different magnitude and direction. Our results tend to indicate an inverse relation exists between NNK and PAH deliveries when considering different tobacco blends.
据估计，全球每五例癌症死亡病例中就有一例与烟草使用有关。根据国际癌症研究机构（IARC）的研究，烟草烟雾中存在10种多环芳烃（PAH）、8种烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）以及至少45种其他化合物或物质，它们都是潜在的人类致癌物。不同烟草产品中，这些致癌物在烟草成分和烟雾排放中的含量各不相同。我们评估了用不同类型烟草制成的香烟的主流烟雾排放情况，以研究TSNA和PAH的释放量与烟草硝酸盐含量之间的关系以及可能存在的影响。为了在不考虑过滤嘴设计、过滤嘴通风和卷烟纸孔隙率等混杂因素的情况下，研究烟草成分对主流卷烟烟雾释放量的贡献，我们使用了定制的、研究级别的未过滤香烟，这些香烟含有烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟、再造烟或这些烟草的混合物。我们的研究结果证实了其他研究人员的发现，即烟草类型会影响尼古丁、TSNA和PAH的主流烟雾释放量。然而，我们发现不同化合物的影响有所不同。此外，我们观察到硝酸盐含量与主流烟雾中的4-（N-亚硝基甲基氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）之间存在统计学上的显著关系；硝酸盐水平也影响了国际癌症研究机构确定的10种潜在人类致癌物多环芳烃总和的主流烟雾释放量。硝酸盐对主流烟雾中NNK和PAH水平的影响在程度和方向上有所不同。我们的研究结果倾向于表明，在考虑不同烟草混合比例时，NNK和PAH的释放量之间存在反比关系。
