Starkov Anatoly A
Weill Medical College Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Dec;1147:37-52. doi: 10.1196/annals.1427.015.
Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to the etiology of both "normal" senescence and severe pathologies with serious public health implications. Several cellular sources, including mitochondria, are known to produce significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to intracellular oxidative stress. Mitochondria possess at least 10 known sites that are capable of generating ROS, but they also feature a sophisticated multilayered ROS defense system that is much less studied. This review summarizes the current knowledge about major components involved in mitochondrial ROS metabolism and factors that regulate ROS generation and removal at the level of mitochondria. An integrative systemic approach is applied to analysis of mitochondrial ROS metabolism, which is "dissected" into ROS generation, ROS emission, and ROS scavenging. The in vitro ROS-producing capacity of several mitochondrial sites is compared in the metabolic context and the role of mitochondria in ROS-dependent intracellular signaling is discussed.
氧化应激被认为是“正常”衰老和具有严重公共卫生影响的严重疾病病因的主要促成因素。已知包括线粒体在内的几种细胞来源会产生大量活性氧（ROS），这可能导致细胞内氧化应激。线粒体拥有至少10个已知的能够产生活性氧的位点，但它们也具有一个复杂的多层活性氧防御系统，而对该系统的研究要少得多。本综述总结了目前关于线粒体活性氧代谢主要成分以及在线粒体水平上调节活性氧产生和清除的因素的知识。一种综合系统方法被应用于线粒体活性氧代谢分析，该代谢过程被“剖析”为活性氧产生、活性氧释放和活性氧清除。在代谢背景下比较了几个线粒体位点的体外产生活性氧能力，并讨论了线粒体在活性氧依赖性细胞内信号传导中的作用。
