Twenge Jean M, Campbell W Keith
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2008 Nov;19(11):1082-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02204.x.
Previous research has produced contradictory findings on generational change in positive self-views. We examined 13 items measuring self-views in the Monitoring the Future study, a large national study of high school students conducted between 1975 and 2006 (in this analysis, ns between 4,698 and 29,673). Relative to high school students in the 1970s, those in 2006 were more likely to predict that they would be "very good" spouses, parents, and workers; were more satisfied with themselves; and scored higher on self-esteem items measuring self-liking. The 2006 students also reported earning higher grades and being more intelligent. However, 2006 students scored lower on two self-esteem items measuring self-competence than did students in 1975. These results suggest that there has been a small increase in positive self-views across the generations, but that it has not been accompanied by an increase in general self-competence.
先前的研究在积极自我认知的代际变化方面得出了相互矛盾的结果。我们在“未来监测”研究中考察了13项衡量自我认知的指标，该研究是一项针对1975年至2006年间高中生开展的大型全国性研究（在此分析中，样本量在4698至29673之间）。与20世纪70年代的高中生相比，2006年的高中生更有可能预测自己会成为“非常好”的配偶、父母和工作者；对自己更满意；在衡量自我喜爱程度的自尊项目上得分更高。2006年的学生还报告称成绩更好、更聪明。然而，在两项衡量自我能力的自尊项目上，2006年的学生得分低于1975年的学生。这些结果表明，几代人之间积极自我认知略有增加，但总体自我能力并未随之提高。
