Forrester J V, Xu H, Lambe T, Cornall R
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Mucosal Immunol. 2008 Sep;1(5):372-81. doi: 10.1038/mi.2008.27. Epub 2008 Jul 2.
Immune privilege is a concept that has come of age. Where previously it was considered to be a passive phenomenon restricted to certain specialized tissues, it is now viewed as comprising several mechanisms, both active and passive, shared in many aspects with emerging notions of the mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. The relative degrees of immune privilege vary from tissue to tissue depending on the number and strength of each of the mechanisms contained in that tissue. Immune privilege can be generated in non-privileged sites such as the skin and allografts, and is a property of the tissue itself. We therefore propose that, in addition to canonical central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms, there is a third route whereby the organism promotes self-antigen non-reactivity centered on the specific properties of each tissue and varying accordingly (relative degrees of immune privilege). This third mechanism of inducing immunological tolerance, as it is a local tissue phenomenon, might have particular therapeutic significance, for instance in devising strategies for induction of immunity to tumors by disrupting immune privilege or in preventing graft rejection by promoting immune privilege.
免疫赦免是一个已经成熟的概念。以前它被认为是一种局限于某些特殊组织的被动现象，现在则被视为包含多种主动和被动机制，在许多方面与外周耐受机制的新观念相同。免疫赦免的相对程度因组织而异，这取决于该组织中所含每种机制的数量和强度。免疫赦免可在非赦免部位如皮肤和同种异体移植物中产生，并且是组织本身的一种特性。因此，我们提出，除了经典的中枢和外周耐受机制外，还存在第三条途径，通过该途径生物体促进以每个组织的特定特性为中心且相应变化的自身抗原无反应性（免疫赦免的相对程度）。这种诱导免疫耐受的第三种机制，由于它是一种局部组织现象，可能具有特殊的治疗意义，例如在设计通过破坏免疫赦免来诱导肿瘤免疫的策略或通过促进免疫赦免来预防移植排斥方面。
