Bell S J, Mascioli E A, Bistrian B R, Babayan V K, Blackburn G L
Nutrition Metabolism Laboratory, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 Jan;91(1):74-8.
This article reviews current investigations of the use of alternative lipid sources to enhance the metabolic and immune functions of hospitalized patients. Conventional lipids have been implicated as the cause of a variety of iatrogenic side effects in critically ill hospitalized patients, and long-chain triglycerides of the omega-6 family have been shown to be potentially detrimental to immune function. Alternative lipids (fish oils, medium-chain triglycerides, and structured triglycerides) have been proposed as substitutes for conventional long-chain, polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acids. Unlike long-chain triglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides are more rapidly cleared from the blood and are completely oxidized for energy. However, medium-chain triglycerides contain no essential fatty acids. On the other hand, structured triglycerides offer the advantages of long-chain triglycerides (essential fatty acids) and of medium-chain triglycerides (rapid clearance and oxidation). Fish oils, which contain long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, appear to be anti-inflammatory and to affect immune function differently from the omega-6 long-chain triglycerides.
本文综述了目前关于使用替代脂质来源以增强住院患者代谢和免疫功能的研究。传统脂质被认为是重症住院患者多种医源性副作用的原因，并且ω-6家族的长链甘油三酯已被证明可能对免疫功能有害。替代脂质（鱼油、中链甘油三酯和结构化甘油三酯）已被提议作为传统长链多不饱和ω-6脂肪酸的替代品。与长链甘油三酯不同，中链甘油三酯从血液中清除得更快，并完全氧化供能。然而，中链甘油三酯不含必需脂肪酸。另一方面，结构化甘油三酯兼具长链甘油三酯（必需脂肪酸）和中链甘油三酯（快速清除和氧化）的优点。含有长链多不饱和ω-3脂肪酸的鱼油似乎具有抗炎作用，并且对免疫功能的影响与ω-6长链甘油三酯不同。
