Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
Psychol Res. 2010 Jan;74(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s00426-008-0200-4. Epub 2008 Dec 16.
When two masked, to-be-attended targets are presented within approximately half a second of each other, performance on the second target (T2) suffers, relative to when the targets are presented further apart in time or when the first target (T1) can be ignored. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink (AB). Colzato et al. (Psychon Bull Rev 14:1051-1057, 2007) used an individual differences approach to examine whether individual AB magnitude was predicted by individual differences in working memory (WM), using the operation span paradigm (OSPAN). They found that OSPAN score was inversely related to AB magnitude even when a fluid intelligence measure (Raven's SPM) was partialled out. However, it is not clear from this study whether it was the executive control aspect of working memory, the capacity aspect of short-term memory, (or both), that related to AB magnitude. In the present study we used a variety of WM measures that required varying degrees of executive control. OSPAN was negatively related to AB magnitude with Raven's SPM, reading comprehension, reading rate, and digit forward and backward partialled out. Backward and forward digit span did not predict AB magnitude. These results support the conclusion that a "working" executive component of WM predicts temporal limitations of selective attention beyond static STM capacity and general cognitive ability.
当两个戴面具的待观察目标在大约半秒内相继出现时，相对于目标在时间上相隔较远或第一个目标（T1）可以被忽略的情况，第二个目标（T2）的表现会受到影响。这种现象被称为注意瞬脱（AB）。Colzato 等人（Psychon Bull Rev 14:1051-1057, 2007）采用个体差异方法，使用操作广度范式（OSPAN），研究了个体工作记忆（WM）的个体差异是否能预测个体 AB 幅度。他们发现，即使控制流体智力测量（Raven 的 SPM），OSPAN 得分与 AB 幅度呈负相关。然而，从这项研究中还不清楚是工作记忆的执行控制方面、短期记忆的容量方面（或两者）与 AB 幅度有关。在本研究中，我们使用了各种需要不同程度执行控制的 WM 测量。OSPAN 与 Raven 的 SPM、阅读理解、阅读速度以及数字前向和后向部分呈负相关，与 AB 幅度有关。而反向和正向数字跨度则不能预测 AB 幅度。这些结果支持了这样的结论，即 WM 的“工作”执行成分可以预测选择性注意的时间限制，超出了静态 STM 容量和一般认知能力的限制。
