Michaelson Jarett, Forman Jason, Kent Richard, Kuppa Shashi
University of Virginia, VA, USA.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2008 Nov;52:295-325. doi: 10.4271/2008-22-0012.
Very little experimental research has focused on the kinematics, dynamics, and injuries of rear-seated occupants. This study seeks to develop a baseline response for rear-seated post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) in frontal crashes. Three PMHS sled tests were performed in a sled buck designed to represent the interior rear-seat compartment of a contemporary mid-sized sedan. All occupants were positioned in the right-rear passenger seat and subjected to simulated frontal crashes with an impact speed of 48 km/h. The subjects were restrained by a standard, rear seat, 3-point seat belt. The response of each subject was evaluated in terms of whole-body kinematics, dynamics, and injury. All the PMHS experienced excessive forward translation of the pelvis resulting in a backward rotation of the torso at the time of maximum forward excursion. The three subjects experienced maximum normalized chest deflections of 30%, 45%, and 30%, respectively, and maximum 3 ms clip resultant chest accelerations of 50, 42, and 52 g, respectively. Additionally, each PMHS received at least 13 rib fractures (maximum of 29 fractures), and flexion-tension induced neck injuries initiating in the lower cervical spine (C4-T1). The neck trauma ranged from ligament damage (AIS 1) to complete cervical spine transection (AIS 5).
很少有实验研究关注后排乘客的运动学、动力学和损伤情况。本研究旨在为后排尸体人类 surrogate（PMHS）在正面碰撞中建立基线响应。在一个雪橇试验台上进行了三次 PMHS 雪橇测试，该试验台设计用于模拟当代中型轿车的后排内部车厢。所有乘客均位于右后乘客座位，并以 48 公里/小时的撞击速度接受模拟正面碰撞。受试者由标准的后排三点式安全带约束。根据全身运动学、动力学和损伤情况对每个受试者的响应进行评估。所有 PMHS 都经历了骨盆过度向前平移，导致在最大向前偏移时躯干向后旋转。这三名受试者的最大标准化胸部变形分别为 30%、45%和 30%，最大 3 毫秒剪辑合成胸部加速度分别为 50、42 和 52g。此外，每个 PMHS 至少有 13 根肋骨骨折（最多 29 根骨折），以及在颈椎下部（C4 - T1）引发的屈伸张力性颈部损伤。颈部创伤范围从韧带损伤（AIS 1）到颈椎完全横断（AIS 5）。
