Erhart M, Wille N, Ravens-Sieberer U
Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychosomatik, Zentrum für Geburtshilfe, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2008 Dec;70(12):721-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1103261. Epub 2008 Dec 11.
Scientific research on empowerment so far is nearly exclusively focused on the adult population. Nevertheless, it is possible to show a link between empowerment and a) the developmental psychology concepts of resilience, b) autogenetic concepts and c) concepts of risks and resources. This paper aims to study the role of personal, familial and other social resources as well as personal autonomy for subjective health-ratings.
A secondary analysis of the health data of 7,000 children and adolescents aged 10-17 years of the German health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study as well as 1,700 children aged 11-17 years of the mental health module (BELLA Study) within the German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS) was performed. Statistical analyses encompassed analyses of variance and linear regression.
Analyses of the HBSC study showed a protective effect for school-class climate as well as parental support, whereby school was associated with fewer self-reported health complaints. Analyses of the BELLA/KiGGS study showed personal, familial and other social resources as well as personal autonomy as unique predictors for a better health-related quality of life (KINDL-R). This was true even if psychological problems were observed.
The results confirm the importance of strengthening personal, familial and other social resources as well as the principal importance of personal autonomy for coping with health risks and health impairments. Future research explicitly focussed on empowerment could relate to the role of personal resources within children's and adolescents' contact with the medical and health care system. It can be expected that strengthening personal resources benefits and improves the communication and active participation of children and adolescents within treatment-decision and -evaluation.
迄今为止，关于赋权的科学研究几乎完全集中在成年人群体。然而，有可能表明赋权与以下方面之间存在联系：a）复原力的发展心理学概念；b）自生概念；c）风险和资源概念。本文旨在研究个人、家庭和其他社会资源以及个人自主性对主观健康评分的作用。
对德国学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）研究中7000名10 - 17岁儿童和青少年的健康数据，以及德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS）中的心理健康模块（BELLA研究）的1700名11 - 17岁儿童的数据进行二次分析。统计分析包括方差分析和线性回归。
HBSC研究的分析表明，班级氛围和父母支持具有保护作用，学校环境与自我报告的健康问题较少相关。BELLA/KiGGS研究的分析表明，个人、家庭和其他社会资源以及个人自主性是健康相关生活质量（KINDL - R）提高的独特预测因素。即使观察到心理问题，情况依然如此。
结果证实了加强个人、家庭和其他社会资源的重要性，以及个人自主性在应对健康风险和健康损害方面的首要重要性。未来明确聚焦于赋权的研究可能涉及个人资源在儿童和青少年与医疗保健系统接触中的作用。可以预期，加强个人资源将有利于并改善儿童和青少年在治疗决策和评估中的沟通及积极参与。
