Abernethy Bruce, Poolton Jamie M, Masters Rich S W, Patil Niv G
Institute of Human Performance and Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
ANZ J Surg. 2008 Dec;78(12):1092-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04756.x.
The search for improved, more efficacious means of teaching and training surgical skills is essentially a search for means to accelerate the transition of non-expert surgeons to expert surgeons and, in so doing, shorten the usual lengthy pathway to the acquisition of surgical expertise. Drawing on evidence from studies of expert and non-expert surgeons, as well as evidence from studies of expertise in other domains, this paper presents a brief overview of the aspects of skill that appear (likely) to differentiate the expert surgeon from the non-expert. Expert advantages are apparent in some specific aspects of the perceptual, cognitive, motor, attentional and feedback-monitoring components of skilled performance and it is contended that it is these elements, rather than elements on which no expert advantage is apparent, that should form the focal points for skills training programmes. Some constraints to current understanding of surgical expertise are also identified and briefly discussed.
寻求改进的、更有效的外科技能教学与培训方法，本质上就是寻求加速非专家外科医生向专家外科医生转变的方法，这样做可以缩短获取外科专业技能通常所需的漫长路径。借鉴专家外科医生与非专家外科医生的研究证据，以及其他领域专业技能的研究证据，本文简要概述了可能使专家外科医生区别于非专家外科医生的技能方面。在熟练操作的感知、认知、运动、注意力和反馈监测组成部分的某些特定方面，专家优势很明显，并且有人认为，正是这些要素，而非无明显专家优势的要素，应成为技能培训计划的重点。还指出并简要讨论了当前对外科专业技能理解的一些限制因素。
