Nakamura Noriko, Gaskins H Rex, Collier Chad T, Nava Gerardo M, Rai Deshanie, Petschow Bryon, Russell W Michael, Harris Cheryl, Mackie Roderick I, Wampler Jennifer L, Walker D Carey
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Feb;75(4):1121-8. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02359-07. Epub 2008 Dec 16.
Supplementation of infant formulas with prebiotic ingredients continues the effort to mimic functional properties of human milk. In this double-blind, controlled, 28-day study, healthy term infants received control formula (control group; n = 25) or control formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (4 g/liter) (PG4 group; n = 27) or with PDX, GOS, and lactulose (LOS) (either 4 g/liter [PGL4 group; n = 27] or 8 g/liter [PGL8 group; n = 25]). A parallel breast-fed group (BF group) (n = 30) was included. Stool characteristics, formula tolerance, and adverse events were monitored. Fecal bacterial subpopulations were evaluated by culture-based selective enumeration (Enterobacteriaceae), quantitative real-time PCR (Clostridium clusters I, XI, and XIV, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Bifidobacterium). Fecal bacterial community profiles were examined by using 16S rRNA gene PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The daily stool consistency was significantly softer or looser in the BF group than in all of the groups that received formula. The formulas were well tolerated, and the incidences of adverse events did not differ among feeding groups. Few significant changes in bacterial subpopulations were observed at any time point. The bacterial communities were stable; individual profiles tended to cluster by subject rather than by group. Post hoc analysis, however, demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles for subjects in the BF, PG4, PGL4, and PGL8 groups that first received formula at a younger age were less stable than the profiles for subjects in the same groups that received formula at an older age, but there was no difference for the control group. These data indicate that formulas containing PDX, GOS, and LOS blends are more likely to influence gut microbes when administration is begun in early infancy and justify further investigation of the age-related effects of these blends on fecal microbiota.
在婴儿配方奶粉中添加益生元成分继续着模仿母乳功能特性的努力。在这项为期28天的双盲、对照研究中，足月健康婴儿接受对照配方奶粉（对照组；n = 25）或添加了聚葡萄糖（PDX）和低聚半乳糖（GOS）（4克/升）的对照配方奶粉（PG4组；n = 27），或添加了PDX、GOS和乳果糖（LOS）（4克/升[PGL4组；n = 27]或8克/升[PGL8组；n = 25]）。纳入了一个平行的母乳喂养组（BF组）（n = 30）。监测了粪便特征、配方奶粉耐受性和不良事件。通过基于培养的选择性计数（肠杆菌科）、定量实时PCR（梭菌属第一、十一和十四簇、乳酸杆菌属和双歧杆菌属）以及荧光原位杂交（FISH）（双歧杆菌属）对粪便细菌亚群进行了评估。使用16S rRNA基因PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳检查了粪便细菌群落图谱。BF组的每日粪便稠度明显比所有接受配方奶粉的组更软或更稀。配方奶粉耐受性良好，各喂养组不良事件的发生率没有差异。在任何时间点观察到的细菌亚群几乎没有显著变化。细菌群落是稳定的；个体图谱倾向于按个体聚类而不是按组聚类。然而，事后分析表明，在较小年龄首次接受配方奶粉的BF、PG4、PGL4和PGL8组受试者的细菌群落图谱不如在较大年龄接受配方奶粉的同组受试者的图谱稳定，但对照组没有差异。这些数据表明，当在婴儿早期开始给药时，含有PDX、GOS和LOS混合物的配方奶粉更有可能影响肠道微生物，并证明进一步研究这些混合物对粪便微生物群的年龄相关影响是合理的。
