Rolison Debra R, Long Jeffrey W, Lytle Justin C, Fischer Anne E, Rhodes Christopher P, McEvoy Todd M, Bourg Megan E, Lubers Alia M
Surface Chemistry Branch, Code 6170, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2009 Jan;38(1):226-52. doi: 10.1039/b801151f. Epub 2008 Nov 17.
The design and fabrication of three-dimensional multifunctional architectures from the appropriate nanoscale building blocks, including the strategic use of void space and deliberate disorder as design components, permits a re-examination of devices that produce or store energy as discussed in this critical review. The appropriate electronic, ionic, and electrochemical requirements for such devices may now be assembled into nanoarchitectures on the bench-top through the synthesis of low density, ultraporous nanoarchitectures that meld high surface area for heterogeneous reactions with a continuous, porous network for rapid molecular flux. Such nanoarchitectures amplify the nature of electrified interfaces and challenge the standard ways in which electrochemically active materials are both understood and used for energy storage. An architectural viewpoint provides a powerful metaphor to guide chemists and materials scientists in the design of energy-storing nanoarchitectures that depart from the hegemony of periodicity and order with the promise--and demonstration--of even higher performance (265 references).
利用合适的纳米级构建块设计和制造三维多功能结构，包括将空隙空间的策略性利用和有意引入的无序作为设计要素，这使得我们能够重新审视本文批判性综述中所讨论的产生或存储能量的装置。现在，可以通过合成低密度、超多孔的纳米结构，在实验台上将此类装置所需的适当电子、离子和电化学要求组装成纳米结构，这些纳米结构将用于多相反应的高表面积与用于快速分子通量的连续多孔网络相结合。此类纳米结构强化了带电界面的性质，并对理解和使用电化学活性材料进行能量存储的标准方式提出了挑战。一种架构观点提供了一个有力的隐喻，以指导化学家和材料科学家设计储能纳米结构，这些结构突破了周期性和有序性的主导地位，并有望实现甚至更高的性能（参考文献265篇）。
