Van Trump James Ian, Coates John D
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
ISME J. 2009 Apr;3(4):466-76. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2008.119. Epub 2008 Dec 18.
Here we describe 2,6-anthrahydroquinone disulfonate (AH(2)DS) as a model thermodynamically 'targeting' electron donor capable of selectively stimulating respiratory processes relevant to the bioremediation of perchlorate. Pure cultures of Dechloromonas aromatica, Dechloromonas agitata and Azospira suillum, as well as uncharacterized microbial consortia, were capable of stoichiometrically reducing perchlorate to chloride upon oxidation of AH(2)DS to the corresponding quinone 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS). No degradation of the anthraquinone structure was observed, and no organism tested grew by this metabolism. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that AH(2)DS oxidation should support nitrate and perchlorate reduction, whereas sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are predicted to be unfavorable. Mixed community microcosms oxidizing AH(2)DS reduced nitrate and perchlorate, whereas sulfate reduction never occurred. In contrast, microcosms amended with acetate respired nitrate, perchlorate and sulfate, as would be predicted by thermodynamic calculation. Our results suggest that the thermodynamic properties of hydroquinones allow for targeted stimulation of only a subset of potential respiratory processes. This observation could help improve enhanced in situ bioremediation of perchlorate by negating many of the detrimental aspects of biofouling.
在此，我们描述了2,6 - 蒽氢醌二磺酸盐（AH(2)DS）作为一种热力学上“靶向”的电子供体模型，它能够选择性地刺激与高氯酸盐生物修复相关的呼吸过程。芳香脱氯单胞菌、激动脱氯单胞菌和猪氮螺旋菌的纯培养物，以及未鉴定的微生物群落，在AH(2)DS氧化为相应的醌2,6 - 蒽醌二磺酸盐（AQDS）时，能够化学计量地将高氯酸盐还原为氯化物。未观察到蒽醌结构的降解，且所测试的生物体均不能通过这种代谢方式生长。热力学计算表明，AH(2)DS氧化应支持硝酸盐和高氯酸盐的还原，而硫酸盐还原和产甲烷作用预计是不利的。氧化AH(2)DS的混合群落微观世界还原了硝酸盐和高氯酸盐，而硫酸盐还原从未发生。相比之下，如热力学计算所预测的那样，用乙酸盐修正的微观世界呼吸硝酸盐、高氯酸盐和硫酸盐。我们的结果表明，对苯二酚的热力学性质允许仅靶向刺激潜在呼吸过程的一个子集。这一观察结果有助于通过消除生物污垢的许多有害方面来改善高氯酸盐的强化原位生物修复。
