Yezhelyev Maksym, Yacoub Rami, O'Regan Ruth
Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Nanomedicine (Lond). 2009 Jan;4(1):83-103. doi: 10.2217/17435889.4.1.83.
Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanosized objects are being incorporated rapidly into clinical medicine and particularly into the field of medical oncology, including breast cancer. A number of novel methods for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, which are based on NPs and other nanodevices, are now available for translation into clinical practice. Computer tomography and MRI with iron-based magnetic NPs are promising methods for radiological detection of cancers. Semiconductor fluorescent NPs (quantum dots) are being developed for simultaneous detection and localization of multiple breast cancer biomarkers, enabling the personalization of therapeutic regimens for each patient. Additionally, inorganic NPs can be conjugated with tumor-specific ligands and used for tumor-selective delivery of chemotherapeutic or hormonal agents. NPs bearing tumor-targeted antibodies and oligonucleotides for anticancer gene therapy are a novel and rapidly developing therapeutic approach in oncology. Nab-paclitaxel and liposomal anthracyclines are US FDA-approved NP-based drug-delivery systems that have demonstrated at least equivalent efficacy and decreased toxicity compared with conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of breast cancer. This review focuses on recent applications of NPs into predictive oncology of breast cancer with an emphasis placed on the role of inorganic nanosized objects in the diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy.
纳米颗粒（NPs）和纳米尺寸物体正在迅速融入临床医学，尤其是医学肿瘤学领域，包括乳腺癌。现在有许多基于纳米颗粒和其他纳米装置的乳腺癌诊断和治疗新方法可供转化为临床实践。使用铁基磁性纳米颗粒的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像（MRI）是癌症放射学检测的有前景的方法。半导体荧光纳米颗粒（量子点）正在开发中，用于同时检测和定位多种乳腺癌生物标志物，从而实现为每位患者量身定制治疗方案。此外，无机纳米颗粒可以与肿瘤特异性配体结合，并用于化疗或激素药物的肿瘤选择性递送。携带肿瘤靶向抗体和用于抗癌基因治疗的寡核苷酸的纳米颗粒是肿瘤学中一种新颖且快速发展的治疗方法。纳米白蛋白结合型紫杉醇和脂质体蒽环类药物是美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统，与用于治疗乳腺癌的传统化疗药物相比，已证明至少具有等效疗效且毒性降低。本综述重点关注纳米颗粒在乳腺癌预测肿瘤学中的最新应用，特别强调无机纳米尺寸物体在这种恶性肿瘤诊断和治疗中的作用。
