Sun Xiaolu, Liu Kuai, Lu Shuli, He Weina, Du Zixiu
Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Nov 6;14(21):5456. doi: 10.3390/cancers14215456.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it is a molecularly diverse disease. Heterogeneity can be observed in a wide range of cell types with varying morphologies and behaviors. Molecular classifications are broadly used in clinical diagnosis, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations, as indicators of tumor heterogeneity. Treatment strategies differ according to the molecular subtype. Besides the traditional treatments, such as hormone (endocrine) therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, innovative approaches have accelerated BC treatments, which contain targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Among them, monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted delivery systems are promising armamentarium for breast cancer, while checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and tumor-microenvironment-targeted therapy provide a more comprehensive understanding of breast cancer and could assist in developing new therapeutic strategies.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，并且是一种分子特征多样的疾病。在具有不同形态和行为的广泛细胞类型中均可观察到异质性。分子分类广泛应用于临床诊断，包括雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、血管内皮生长因子受体（VEGFR）以及乳腺癌基因（BRCA）突变，作为肿瘤异质性的指标。治疗策略因分子亚型而异。除了传统治疗方法，如激素（内分泌）治疗、放疗和化疗外，创新方法加速了乳腺癌的治疗，其中包括靶向治疗和免疫治疗。其中，单克隆抗体、小分子抑制剂和抗体-药物偶联物以及靶向递送系统是治疗乳腺癌的有前景的武器库，而检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法、癌症疫苗和肿瘤微环境靶向疗法为乳腺癌提供了更全面的认识，并有助于开发新的治疗策略。
