Smith Candice K, Arvin Ann M
Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, G322, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 Aug;14(4):209-17. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2008.11.008. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
Varicella (chickenpox) in pregnancy is unusual because most women of childbearing age are immune. It can, however, cause significant morbidity for the pregnant woman and in rare cases cause congenital varicella syndrome. The incidence of congenital varicella syndrome after maternal varicella during the first two trimesters is <1% across multiple cohort studies. Maternal infection in the third trimester is not associated with congenital varicella syndrome, but the infant may develop herpes zoster during the first one or two years. Maternal infection just before or after delivery presents a high risk for disseminated varicella in the infant. Serious infection can be prevented with passive antibody prophylaxis and antiviral therapy. Maternal herpes zoster does not result in adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes.
孕期患水痘（带状疱疹）的情况并不常见，因为大多数育龄女性都具有免疫力。然而，它可能给孕妇带来严重发病风险，在极少数情况下会导致先天性水痘综合征。多项队列研究表明，孕早期和孕中期孕妇感染水痘后，先天性水痘综合征的发病率低于1%。孕晚期孕妇感染水痘与先天性水痘综合征无关，但婴儿可能在出生后的头一两年内患上带状疱疹。分娩前或分娩后母亲感染水痘会使婴儿发生播散性水痘的风险很高。通过被动抗体预防和抗病毒治疗可以预防严重感染。母亲患带状疱疹不会导致不良的胎儿或新生儿结局。
