Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan.
Department of Education, Fukuoka University of Education, 1-1 Akamabunkyo-machi, Munakata, Fukuoka, 811-4192, Japan.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017 Nov;90(8):883-894. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1251-x. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Using a 2-year follow-up design, we examined whether changes in work ability during 1 year predicted sickness absence in the following year.
Workers (N = 1408) from the Japanese information technology sector each completed the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in 2011 and 2012. Absence data during 2013 was obtained from employees' computerized attendance records. We used psychological distress as evaluated by the GHQ; job stress and job support calculated using the BJSQ; and job title, sex, and age as potential confounding variables.
Thirty-five employees had at least one sickness absence lasting more than seven consecutive days in 2013. Forty-nine percent of sickness absences were due to mental illness, and the others were due to orthopedic disease (20%), cancer (9%), and other illnesses (23%). Decrease in WAI scores from 2011 to 2012 predicted sickness absence in 2013 (Odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.27). This association remained unaltered after adjusting for sex, age, job title, WAI score from the year before, job stress, job support, and GHQ score (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25). We analyzed this association separately by reason for absence: mental or other illness. WAI score decreases predicted sickness absence for both reasons (OR for mental illness 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.36; OR for other illnesses 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.24).
Decrease in work ability during the year predicts sickness absence in the following year while predictive power was weak.
采用为期 2 年的随访设计，我们检验了一年内工作能力的变化是否能预测次年的病假情况。
来自日本信息技术行业的 1408 名员工分别于 2011 年和 2012 年完成了工作能力指数（WAI）、简明工作压力问卷（BJSQ）和一般健康问卷（GHQ）的测试。2013 年的缺勤数据来自员工的计算机考勤记录。我们使用 GHQ 评估的心理困扰；使用 BJSQ 计算的工作压力和工作支持；以及职位、性别和年龄作为潜在的混杂变量。
2013 年，有 35 名员工至少有一次连续超过 7 天的病假。49%的病假是由于精神疾病，其余的是由于骨科疾病（20%）、癌症（9%）和其他疾病（23%）。2011 年至 2012 年 WAI 评分的下降预测了 2013 年的病假（优势比（OR）为 1.19，95%置信区间（CI）为 1.12-1.27）。调整性别、年龄、职位、前一年的 WAI 评分、工作压力、工作支持和 GHQ 评分后，这种关联仍然不变（OR 为 1.15，95% CI 为 1.06-1.25）。我们分别按缺勤原因分析了这种关联：精神疾病或其他疾病。WAI 评分的下降预测了这两种原因的病假（精神疾病的 OR 为 1.24，95% CI 为 1.14-1.36；其他疾病的 OR 为 1.14，95% CI 为 1.04-1.24）。
一年内工作能力的下降预示着次年的病假，虽然预测能力较弱。
