Niu Yi-Nong, Xia Shu-Jie
Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Asian J Androl. 2009 Jan;11(1):28-35. doi: 10.1038/aja.2008.39. Epub 2008 Dec 22.
The critical role played by stroma-epithelium crosstalk in carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer has been increasingly recognized. These interactions are mediated by a variety of paracrine factors secreted by cancer cells and/or stromal cells. In human prostate cancer, reactive stroma is characterized by an increase in myofibroblasts and a corresponding amplification of extracellular matrix production and angiogenesis. Permanent genetic mutations have been reported in stromal cells as well as in tumour cells. Transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor signalling pathways are involved in the process of angiogenesis, whereas hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, epidermal growth factor, CXC12 and Interleukin-6 play active roles in the progression, androgen-independent conversion and distal metastasis of prostate cancer. Some soluble factors have reciprocal interactions with androgens and the androgen receptor (AR), and can even activate AR in the absence of the androgen ligand. In this article, we review the complex interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets in the stromal compartment of prostate cancer.
基质-上皮细胞相互作用在前列腺癌发生和进展中所起的关键作用已得到越来越多的认可。这些相互作用由癌细胞和/或基质细胞分泌的多种旁分泌因子介导。在人类前列腺癌中，反应性基质的特征是肌成纤维细胞增加以及细胞外基质产生和血管生成相应增强。基质细胞以及肿瘤细胞中均已报道存在永久性基因突变。转化生长因子-β、血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子信号通路参与血管生成过程，而肝细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1、表皮生长因子、CXC12和白细胞介素-6在前列腺癌的进展、雄激素非依赖性转化和远处转移中发挥积极作用。一些可溶性因子与雄激素和雄激素受体（AR）存在相互作用，甚至在没有雄激素配体的情况下也能激活AR。在本文中，我们综述了癌细胞与周围微环境之间的复杂相互作用，并讨论了前列腺癌基质区室中的潜在治疗靶点。
