Gupta Jitendra, Almulla Abbas F, Jalil Abduladheem Turki, Jasim Nisreen Yasir, Aminov Zafar, Alsaikhan Fahad, Ramaiah Pushpamala, Chinnasamy Lathamangeswari, Jawhar Zanko Hassan
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Pin Code 281406, U.P., India.
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Curr Med Chem. 2025;32(3):511-538. doi: 10.2174/0109298673262122231011172100.
Resistance to therapy and the toxicity of normal tissue are the major problems for efficacy associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Drug resistance is responsible for most cases of mortality associated with cancer. Furthermore, their side effects can decrease the quality of life for surviving patients. An enhancement in the tumor response to therapy and alleviation of toxic effects remain unsolved challenges. One of the interesting topics is the administration of agents with low toxicity to protect normal tissues and/or sensitize cancers to chemo/radiotherapy. Melatonin is a natural body hormone that is known as a multitasking molecule. Although it has antioxidant properties, a large number of experiments have uncovered interesting effects of melatonin that can increase the therapeutic efficacy of chemo/radiation therapy. Melatonin can enhance anticancer therapy efficacy through various mechanisms, cells such as the immune system, and modulation of cell cycle and death pathways, tumor suppressor genes, and also through suppression of some drug resistance mediators. However, melatonin may protect normal tissues through the suppression of inflammation, fibrosis, and massive oxidative stress in normal cells and tissues. In this review, we will discuss the distinct effects of melatonin on both tumors and normal tissues. We review how melatonin may enhance radio/chemosensitivity of tumors while protecting normal tissues such as the lung, heart, gastrointestinal system, reproductive system, brain, liver, and kidney.
对治疗的抗性和正常组织的毒性是与化疗和放疗相关的疗效的主要问题。耐药性是大多数癌症相关死亡病例的原因。此外，它们的副作用会降低存活患者的生活质量。增强肿瘤对治疗的反应和减轻毒性作用仍然是未解决的挑战。一个有趣的话题是给予低毒性药物以保护正常组织和/或使癌症对化疗/放疗敏感。褪黑素是一种天然的人体激素，被称为多功能分子。尽管它具有抗氧化特性，但大量实验揭示了褪黑素的有趣作用，即它可以提高化疗/放疗的治疗效果。褪黑素可以通过多种机制增强抗癌治疗效果，如免疫系统细胞、细胞周期和死亡途径的调节、肿瘤抑制基因，还可以通过抑制一些耐药介质。然而，褪黑素可能通过抑制正常细胞和组织中的炎症、纤维化和大量氧化应激来保护正常组织。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论褪黑素对肿瘤和正常组织的不同影响。我们回顾褪黑素如何增强肿瘤的放疗/化疗敏感性，同时保护肺、心脏、胃肠道系统、生殖系统、脑、肝和肾等正常组织。
