Carlson Joseph J, Eisenmann Joey C, Pfeiffer Karin A, Jager Kathleen B, Sehnert Scott T, Yee Kimbo E, Klavinski Rita A, Feltz Deborah L
Department of Radiology, Division of Sports and Cardiovascular Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2008 Dec 22;8:420. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-420.
The American Heart Association Position Statement on Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Public Schools encourages school-based interventions for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through risk factor prevention or reduction in children with an emphasis on creating an environment that promotes healthy food choices and physical activity (PA). In an effort to address issues related to CVD risk factors including obesity in Michigan children, a multi-disciplinary team of Michigan State University (MSU) faculty, clinicians, and health profession students was formed to "(S)partner" with elementary school physical education (PE) teachers and MSU Extension staff to develop and implement a cost-effective, sustainable program aimed at CVD risk factor prevention and management for 5th grade students. This (S)partnership is intended to augment and improve the existing 5th grade PE, health and nutrition curriculum by achieving the following aims: 1) improve the students' knowledge, attitudes and confidence about nutrition, PA and heart health; 2) increase the number of students achieving national recommendations for PA and nutrition; and 3) increase the number of students with a desirable CVD risk factor status based on national pediatric guidelines. Secondary aims include promoting school staff and parental support for heart health to help children achieve their goals and to provide experiential learning and service for MSU health profession students for academic credit.
METHODS/DESIGN: This pilot effectiveness study was approved by the MSU IRB. At the beginning and the end of the school year students undergo a CVD risk factor assessment conducted by MSU medical students and graduate students. Key intervention components include eight lesson plans (conducted bi-monthly) designed to promote heart healthy nutrition and PA behaviors conducted by PE teachers with assistance from MSU undergraduate dietetic and kinesiology students (Spartners). The final 10 minutes of each lesson, MSU Spartners conduct small breakout/discussion groups with the 5th grade students. Additionally, each Spartner case manages/mentors two to three 5th grade students using a web-based goal setting and tracking protocol throughout the school year.
This paper describes the rationale, development, and methods of the Spartners for Heart Health program. This is a multi-level intervention designed to promote heart healthy behaviors and prevent or manage CVD risk factors in children. We believe this will be a viable sustainable intervention that can be disseminated and adopted by other institutions with minimal cost by engaging college students as an integral part of the measurement and intervention teams.
美国心脏协会关于公立学校心血管健康促进的立场声明鼓励开展以学校为基础的干预措施，通过预防或降低儿童的风险因素来对心血管疾病（CVD）进行一级预防，重点是营造一个促进健康食物选择和体育活动（PA）的环境。为了解决与密歇根州儿童的CVD风险因素（包括肥胖）相关的问题，密歇根州立大学（MSU）的教师、临床医生和健康专业学生组成了一个多学科团队，与小学体育（PE）教师和MSU推广人员“合作”，开发并实施一个具有成本效益且可持续的项目，旨在预防和管理五年级学生的CVD风险因素。这种“合作”旨在通过实现以下目标来扩充和改进现有的五年级体育、健康和营养课程：1）提高学生对营养、体育活动和心脏健康的知识、态度和信心；2）增加达到国家体育活动和营养建议的学生人数；3）根据国家儿科指南，增加具有理想CVD风险因素状况的学生人数。次要目标包括促进学校工作人员和家长对心脏健康的支持，以帮助儿童实现目标，并为MSU健康专业学生提供获得学术学分的体验式学习和服务。
方法/设计：这项试点有效性研究得到了MSU机构审查委员会的批准。在学年开始和结束时，学生接受由MSU医学生和研究生进行的CVD风险因素评估。关键干预组成部分包括八个教案（每两个月进行一次），旨在由体育教师在MSU本科饮食和运动机能学专业学生（合作伙伴）的协助下，促进心脏健康的营养和体育活动行为。每节课的最后10分钟，MSU合作伙伴与五年级学生进行小型分组讨论。此外，每个合作伙伴在整个学年使用基于网络的目标设定和跟踪协议，对两到三名五年级学生进行个案管理/指导。
本文描述了“心脏健康合作伙伴”项目的基本原理、开发过程和方法。这是一项多层次干预措施，旨在促进儿童的心脏健康行为，预防或管理CVD风险因素。我们相信，这将是一项可行的可持续干预措施，通过让大学生作为测量和干预团队的一个组成部分，其他机构可以以最小的成本进行推广和采用。
