Johnson R P, Gyles C L, Huff W E, Ojha S, Huff G R, Rath N C, Donoghue A M
Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, Ontario N1G3W4, Canada.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2008 Dec;9(2):201-15. doi: 10.1017/S1466252308001576.
The successful use of virulent (lytic) bacteriophages (phages) in preventing and treating neonatal enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in calves, lambs and pigs has prompted investigation of other applications of phage therapy in food animals. While results have been very variable, some indicate that phage therapy is potentially useful in virulent Salmonella and E. coli infections in chickens, calves and pigs, and in control of the food-borne pathogens Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in chickens and E. coli O157:H7 in cattle. However, more rigorous and comprehensive research is required to determine the true potential of phage therapy. Particular challenges include the selection and characterization of phages, practical modes of administration, and development of formulations that maintain the viability of phages for administration. Also, meaningful evaluation of phage therapy will require animal studies that closely represent the intended use, and will include thorough investigation of the emergence and characteristics of phage resistant bacteria. As well, effective use will require understanding the ecology and dynamics of the endemic and therapeutic phages and their interactions with target bacteria in the farm environment. In the event that the potential of phage therapy is realized, adoption will depend on its efficacy and complementarity relative to other interventions. Another potential challenge will be regulatory approval.
烈性（裂解性）噬菌体在预防和治疗犊牛、羔羊和仔猪的新生肠毒素性大肠杆菌感染方面的成功应用，促使人们对噬菌体疗法在食用动物中的其他应用展开研究。尽管结果差异很大，但一些研究表明，噬菌体疗法在治疗鸡、犊牛和猪的烈性沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌感染，以及控制鸡体内食源性病原体沙门氏菌和空肠弯曲杆菌、牛体内大肠杆菌O157:H7方面可能具有一定作用。然而，需要进行更严格、更全面的研究，以确定噬菌体疗法的真正潜力。特别的挑战包括噬菌体的选择和特性鉴定、实际给药方式，以及开发能保持噬菌体活性以便给药的制剂。此外，对噬菌体疗法进行有意义的评估将需要开展与预期用途密切相关的动物研究，并且要全面调查噬菌体抗性细菌的出现情况及其特性。同样，有效使用噬菌体疗法需要了解农场环境中地方性噬菌体和治疗性噬菌体的生态及动态变化，以及它们与靶细菌的相互作用。如果噬菌体疗法的潜力得以实现，其应用将取决于它相对于其他干预措施的疗效和互补性。另一个潜在挑战将是监管部门的批准。
