Bershad Eric M, Humphreis William E, Suarez Jose I
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Semin Neurol. 2008 Nov;28(5):690-702. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1105968. Epub 2008 Dec 29.
Intracranial hypertension implies profoundly disturbed intracranial physiology. Although a shared manifestation of myriad neurological disorders of patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU), the pathways leading to intracranial hypertension vary by etiology. Acute elevation of the intracranial pressure is an emergency and may rapidly lead to brain death or a devastating neurological outcome if left untreated. Fortunately, with a firm grasp of the underlying pathophysiology and available treatments, one can optimize ICU-based management. Several integrated management paradigms have been used to treat intracranial hypertension. Regrettably, there is a dearth of randomized clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of even our most routine therapeutic strategies.
颅内高压意味着颅内生理功能严重紊乱。尽管它是重症监护病房（ICU）收治的众多神经系统疾病患者的共同表现，但导致颅内高压的途径因病因不同而有所差异。颅内压的急性升高是一种紧急情况，如果不进行治疗，可能会迅速导致脑死亡或造成严重的神经功能损害。幸运的是，通过扎实掌握潜在的病理生理学知识和现有的治疗方法，能够优化基于ICU的管理。已经采用了几种综合管理模式来治疗颅内高压。遗憾的是，即使是我们最常规的治疗策略，也缺乏随机临床试验来证实其疗效。
