Svensson M L, Rundgren A, Larsson M, Odén A, Sund V, Landahl S
Department of Geriatric and Long-Term Care Medicine, University of Göteborg, Vasa Hospital, Sweden.
Aging (Milano). 1991 Jun;3(2):181-92. doi: 10.1007/BF03324002.
Among a total of 4,862 admittances to a Swedish geriatric hospital and its associated nursing homes, 827 accidents occurred in 588 patients during one year. The purpose of the present study was to establish the direct causes of these accidents and to identify possible risk factors. Information was collected from medical records, interviews with patients and staff, examination of the mental and physical state of the patients, and through reconstruction of the accidents. The investigation embraced 270 patients with 308 major accidents (fractures, sprains, open wounds, concussions and injuries to ligaments), and 318 patients with 519 minor accidents (bruises, contusions, abrasions and minor burns). Injury-free patients with nearest lower bed number in relation to patients with major accidents formed a control group. Patients with previous injuries, balance disturbances, and polypharmacy were at high risk, and intrinsic factors such as dizziness and impaired balance proved to be more significant as direct causes for the occurrence of accidents than environmental factors. The estimated risk for a patient with all these risk factors to have an accident during one year was 94%.
在一家瑞典老年医院及其附属养老院的总计4862例住院病例中，588名患者在一年中发生了827起事故。本研究的目的是确定这些事故的直接原因，并找出可能的风险因素。信息收集自病历、对患者和工作人员的访谈、对患者精神和身体状况的检查，以及通过事故重建。调查涵盖了270名发生308起重大事故（骨折、扭伤、开放性伤口、脑震荡和韧带损伤）的患者，以及318名发生519起轻微事故（擦伤、挫伤、磨损和轻度烧伤）的患者。与发生重大事故的患者相比，病床号最接近且无损伤的患者组成了一个对照组。既往有损伤、平衡障碍和多种药物治疗的患者处于高风险状态，事实证明，诸如头晕和平衡受损等内在因素作为事故发生的直接原因比环境因素更为重要。具有所有这些风险因素的患者在一年中发生事故的估计风险为94%。
