Sirak-Wizeman M, Faiman R, Al-Jawabreh A, Warburg A
Department of Parasitology, Kuvin Center for the Study of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Med Vet Entomol. 2008 Dec;22(4):405-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00762.x.
The control of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vectors of leishmaniasis, is directed mostly against adults as larvae develop in unknown or inaccessible habitats. In the current study we tested geraniol, a natural plant-derived product, as a space repellent and the synthetic pyrethroid prallethrin as a diffusible insecticide. Geraniol was dispersed in the air using diffusers with an electric fan and prallethrin was evaporated using electrically heated evaporators. Both substances were tested in inhabited bedrooms and in tents. Geraniol failed to effect significant reductions in the numbers of either Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in rooms or Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot in tents. In laboratory experiments, geraniol proved ineffective in preventing sandflies from feeding. By contrast, prallethrin was highly effective in reducing the number of sandflies in rooms as well as in tents. Exposure of sandflies to prallethrin in laboratory experiments caused 97% mortality rates. Both prallethrin and, to a lesser extent, geraniol reduced the number of Culex mosquitoes captured in tents. Electric liquid-vaporizers with 1.5% prallethrin are highly effective in protecting people from sandfly bites in confined spaces and may be useful in combating cutaneous leishmaniasis.
白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）是利什曼病的传播媒介，由于其幼虫在未知或难以进入的栖息地发育，对白蛉的控制主要针对成虫。在本研究中，我们测试了天然植物源产品香叶醇作为空间驱避剂，以及拟除虫菊酯丙炔菊酯作为可扩散杀虫剂。使用带风扇的扩散器将香叶醇分散在空气中，使用电加热蒸发器使丙炔菊酯蒸发。这两种物质都在有人居住的卧室和帐篷中进行了测试。香叶醇未能显著减少房间内的巴氏白蛉或帐篷内的塞氏白蛉数量。在实验室实验中，香叶醇被证明无法有效阻止白蛉叮咬。相比之下，丙炔菊酯在减少房间和帐篷内白蛉数量方面非常有效。在实验室实验中，将白蛉暴露于丙炔菊酯下会导致97%的死亡率。丙炔菊酯以及在较小程度上香叶醇都减少了帐篷内捕获的库蚊数量。含1.5%丙炔菊酯的电液蒸发器在密闭空间中能非常有效地保护人们免受白蛉叮咬，可能有助于防治皮肤利什曼病。
