Jamieson A J, Fujii T, Solan M, Matsumoto A K, Bagley P M, Priede I G
Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2009 Mar 22;276(1659):1037-45. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1670.
Using baited camera landers, the first images of living fishes were recorded in the hadal zone (6000-11000 m) in the Pacific Ocean. The widespread abyssal macrourid Coryphaenoides yaquinae was observed at a new depth record of approximately 7000 m in the Japan Trench. Two endemic species of liparid were observed at similar depths: Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis in the Japan Trench and Notoliparis kermadecensis in the Kermadec Trench. From these observations, we have documented swimming and feeding behaviour of these species and derived the first estimates of hadal fish abundance. The liparids intercepted bait within 100-200 min but were observed to preferentially feed on scavenging amphipods. Notoliparis kermadecensis act as top predators in the hadal food web, exhibiting up to nine suction-feeding events per minute. Both species showed distinctive swimming gaits: P. amblystomopsis (mean length 22.5 cm) displayed a mean tail-beat frequency of 0.47 Hz and mean caudal:pectoral frequency ratio of 0.76, whereas N. kermadecensis (mean length 31.5 cm) displayed respective values of 1.04 and 2.08 Hz. Despite living at extreme depths, these endemic liparids exhibit similar activity levels compared with shallow-water liparids.
利用带饵相机着陆器，首次记录到了生活在太平洋超深渊带（6000 - 11000米）的鱼类图像。在日本海沟约7000米的新深度记录中观察到了分布广泛的深海长尾鳕科鱼类雅氏长尾鳕。在类似深度观察到了两种南极鱼科特有物种：日本海沟的钝吻拟狮子鱼和克马德克海沟的克马德克狮子鱼。通过这些观察，我们记录了这些物种的游动和摄食行为，并得出了超深渊鱼类丰度的初步估计值。南极鱼科鱼类在100 - 200分钟内拦截诱饵，但观察发现它们更喜欢以食腐性的端足类动物为食。克马德克狮子鱼在超深渊食物网中充当顶级捕食者，每分钟最多有9次吸食事件。这两个物种都表现出独特的游动步态：钝吻拟狮子鱼（平均体长22.5厘米）的平均尾鳍摆动频率为0.47赫兹，平均尾鳍与胸鳍频率比为0.76，而克马德克狮子鱼（平均体长31.5厘米）的相应值分别为1.04和2.08赫兹。尽管生活在极端深度，但这些南极鱼科特有物种与浅水南极鱼科鱼类相比，活动水平相似。
