Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 1;11(1):11436. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90920-1.
The hadal biosphere is one of the least understood ecosystems on our planet. Recent studies have revealed diverse and active communities of prokaryotes in hadal sediment. However, there have been few studies on fungi in hadal sediment. Here we report the first isolation and cultivation of 8 fungi from the Mariana Trench sediment. The individual colonies were isolated and identified as Stemphylium sp., Cladosporium sp., Arthrinium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Aspergillus sp. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) test was carried out to identify the piezophily of these hadal fungi. Among them, 7 out of the 8 fungal isolates exhibited the ability of germination after incubation under 40 MPa for 7 days. Vegetative growth of the isolates was also affected by HHP. Characterization of secondary metabolites under different pressure conditions was also performed. The production of secondary metabolites was affected by the HHP treatment, improving the potential of discovering novel natural products from hadal fungi. The antibacterial assay revealed the potential of discovering novel natural products. Our results suggest that fungal growth pressure plays an important role in the development and production of secondary metabolites of these hadal fungi under the extreme environment in the Mariana Trench.
深渊生物圈是地球上了解最少的生态系统之一。最近的研究揭示了深渊沉积物中多样且活跃的原核生物群落。然而，关于深渊沉积物中的真菌研究甚少。在这里，我们报告了首次从马里亚纳海沟沉积物中分离和培养 8 种真菌。将单个菌落分离并鉴定为链格孢属、枝孢属、节菱孢属、镰刀菌属、链格孢属和曲霉属。进行高静压（HHP）测试以鉴定这些深渊真菌的嗜压性。在 40 MPa 下孵育 7 天后，8 株真菌中有 7 株表现出发芽能力。HHP 还会影响真菌的营养生长。还在不同压力条件下对次生代谢产物进行了表征。次生代谢产物的产生受 HHP 处理的影响，提高了从深渊真菌中发现新型天然产物的潜力。抑菌试验揭示了发现新型天然产物的潜力。我们的研究结果表明，在马里亚纳海沟极端环境下，真菌生长压力对这些深渊真菌次生代谢产物的发育和产生起着重要作用。
