Hölling Heike, Kurth Bärbel-Maria, Rothenberger Aribert, Becker Andreas, Schlack Robert
Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, Postbox 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;17 Suppl 1:34-41. doi: 10.1007/s00787-008-1004-1.
Reliable information on the prevalence of mental health problems in children and adolescents in the general population in Germany is scarce. With the German health and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS) data is available for the first time on psychopathological problems for the complete age range from 3 to 17 years.
To estimate prevalence rates for several groups with broadly defined psychopathology and to report distributions of psychopathological problems for total and fine-grained subgroups according to age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), migration of children and adolescents from 3 to 17 years.
The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) parent version was completed for 14,478 children and adolescents from 3 to 17 years. Data was collected from May 2003 to May 2006 from 167 representative sample points all over Germany. Prevalence rates of SDQ scales were calculated. Effects of age, gender, socio-economic status and migration status were determined.
A total of 18.5% of the boys and girls were classified as 'borderline or abnormal' in the total difficulties score and thus determined as risk group for public health policies. Analyses of Variance showed significant effects for age and gender, SES and migration status. Significant interactions between age and gender were found for the total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention and the emotional symptoms scores; significant interaction between SES and migration status was found for the prosocial behaviour score.
Prevalence rates of psychopathological problems in children and adolescents are in line with other published findings. Younger age, lower SES and migration are related to more psychopathological problems. While girls display more emotional problems, boys have more externalizing problems.
德国普通人群中儿童和青少年心理健康问题患病率的可靠信息匮乏。通过德国儿童和青少年健康与检查调查（KiGGS），首次获得了涵盖3至17岁全年龄段的心理病理问题数据。
估计宽泛定义的心理病理学若干组别的患病率，并报告3至17岁儿童和青少年总体及细分亚组心理病理问题的分布情况，根据年龄、性别、社会经济地位（SES）、儿童及青少年移民情况进行分析。
对14478名3至17岁儿童和青少年完成了优势与困难问卷（SDQ）家长版调查。2003年5月至2006年5月期间，从德国各地167个代表性样本点收集数据。计算SDQ量表的患病率。确定年龄、性别、社会经济地位和移民状况的影响。
在总困难得分中，共有18.5%的男孩和女孩被归类为“临界或异常”，因此被确定为公共卫生政策的风险群体。方差分析显示年龄、性别、SES和移民状况有显著影响。在总困难、品行问题、多动-注意力不集中和情绪症状得分方面，发现年龄和性别之间存在显著交互作用；在亲社会行为得分方面，发现SES和移民状况之间存在显著交互作用。
儿童和青少年心理病理问题的患病率与其他已发表的研究结果一致。年龄较小、SES较低和移民与更多心理病理问题相关。女孩表现出更多情绪问题，而男孩有更多外化问题。
