Hölling H, Schlack R
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, BRD.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 May-Jun;50(5-6):794-9. doi: 10.1007/s00103-007-0242-6.
Eating disorders are included in the category of mental and behavioural disorders (ICD 10). They are among the most common chronic health problems encountered in children and adolescents. A total of 7,498 children and adolescents (weighted) aged 11 to 17 years answered the SCOFF questionnaire, a screening instrument to identify cases of suspected eating disorder. Parallel to the SCOFF questionnaire, further factors for possible eating disorders, such as the Body Mass Index (BMI), information on abnormal behaviour (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) smoking, sexual and body self-image assessment, were gathered to substantiate the results. In total, 21.9 % of the children and adolescents in Germany aged 11 to 17 years showed symptoms of eating disorders. With 28.9%, girls are more frequently affected than boys (15.2 %); this difference is highly significant. In the presence of almost identical initial values, the rate of subjects with abnormal SCOFF scores increases, starting from age 11 years, in girls as they age, while it drops in boys. Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES) are, with 27.6 %, almost twice as often affected than those with high SES (15.6 %). Migrants have an approx. 50 % higher rate compared to non-migrants. A 2.5-fold increase in the percentage of individuals with normal weight who perceive themselves as too fat is found among those with abnormal SCOFF scores. Individuals with abnormal SCOFF scores smoke more and report more frequently about sexual harassment. Because of the severity, the tendency to chronification and the protracted therapy of the clinically apparent disorders, effective concepts for prevention should be developed.
饮食失调被纳入精神与行为障碍类别（国际疾病分类第10版）。它们是儿童和青少年中最常见的慢性健康问题之一。共有7498名11至17岁的儿童和青少年（加权）回答了SCOFF问卷，这是一种用于识别疑似饮食失调病例的筛查工具。与SCOFF问卷并行，还收集了可能导致饮食失调的其他因素，如体重指数（BMI）、异常行为信息（使用长处和困难问卷，SDQ）、吸烟、性及身体自我形象评估等，以证实结果。在德国，11至17岁的儿童和青少年中，共有21.9%表现出饮食失调症状。女孩受影响的频率更高，为28.9%，而男孩为15.2%；这种差异非常显著。在初始值几乎相同的情况下，从11岁开始，随着年龄增长，女孩中SCOFF评分异常的受试者比例增加，而男孩中该比例下降。社会经济地位低（SES）的儿童和青少年受影响的频率几乎是非社会经济地位高者（15.6%）的两倍，为27.6%。移民的患病率比非移民高约50%。在SCOFF评分异常的人群中，体重正常但自认为过胖的个体比例增加了2.5倍。SCOFF评分异常的个体吸烟更多，且更频繁地报告遭受性骚扰。鉴于临床明显疾病的严重性、慢性化倾向及长期治疗情况，应制定有效的预防方案。
