Mustajbegovic J, Zuskin E, Schachter E N, Kern J, Vrcic-Keglevic M, Vitale K, Ebling Z
Andrija Stampar School of Public Health Zagreb, Croatia.
J Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jun;43(6):576-84. doi: 10.1097/00043764-200106000-00014.
In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function were investigated in 236 (169 male and 67 female) livestock farmworkers raising domestic animals, including cattle and horses. The prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms was recorded by administering a modified version of the British Medical Research Council questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. Lung function was measured by recording the maximum expiratory flow-volume curves from which the forced vital capacity, the one-second forced expiratory volume, and the maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% and the last 25% were measured. There was a significantly higher prevalence of almost all chronic respiratory symptoms in farmers compared with controls: highest among men for chronic cough (27.2%) and highest among women for dyspnea (28.3%). Typical symptoms of occupational asthma were diagnosed in 3.6% of the male and 1.5% of the female livestock farmers. A logistic regression analysis performed on chronic respiratory symptoms of livestock workers indicate significant effects of smoking (P < 0.001) on all symptoms except occupational asthma. A large number of male and female livestock farmworkers complained of acute work-related symptoms: highest for dry cough (52.2%) and shortness of breath (44.9%). Lung function data among these workers demonstrated a trend toward lower lung function in general. Multivariate analysis of lung function parameters indicate significant effects of length of employment and smoking in male and length of employment in female livestock farmworkers. The data suggest that employment in livestock farming may be associated in a dose-dependent manner with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function changes.
在这项横断面研究中，对236名（169名男性和67名女性）饲养牛、马等家畜的畜牧场工人的急慢性呼吸道症状及肺功能进行了调查。通过发放经修改的英国医学研究委员会呼吸症状问卷来记录急慢性呼吸道症状的患病率。通过记录最大呼气流量-容积曲线来测量肺功能，从中测量用力肺活量、一秒用力呼气容积以及50%和最后25%时的最大呼气流量率。与对照组相比，农民中几乎所有慢性呼吸道症状的患病率显著更高：男性中慢性咳嗽的患病率最高（27.2%），女性中呼吸困难的患病率最高（28.3%）。3.6%的男性和1.5%的女性畜牧场工人被诊断出患有职业性哮喘的典型症状。对畜牧工人慢性呼吸道症状进行的逻辑回归分析表明，吸烟（P < 0.001）对除职业性哮喘外的所有症状均有显著影响。大量男女畜牧场工人抱怨有与工作相关的急性症状：干咳（52.2%）和呼吸急促（44.9%）的患病率最高。这些工人的肺功能数据总体上显示出肺功能降低的趋势。对肺功能参数的多变量分析表明，男性的就业时长和吸烟以及女性的就业时长对畜牧场工人有显著影响。数据表明，从事畜牧业可能与急慢性呼吸道症状的发生以及肺功能变化呈剂量依赖性关联。
