Alexander T, Biesen R, Jacobi A, Hoyer B, Bruns A, Hiepe F
Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin.
Z Rheumatol. 2009 Feb;68(1):23-9. doi: 10.1007/s00393-008-0359-5.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic intermittent autoimmune disease, which can affect nearly all organ systems. The disease is characterized by the detection of more than 100 different auto-antibodies. For the clinical practice as well as in controlled clinical studies it is absolutely necessary to define target criteria which allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy. Many instruments are available for measuring the activity of the disease, the quality of life, the extent of irreversible damage and the individual manifestation in organs. There are also now various biomarkers to characterize the pathophysiologic aspects, clinical activity, therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis.
