Dib Julián R, Weiss Annika, Neumann Anna, Ordoñez Omar, Estévez María C, Farías Maria E
PROIMI, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, Tucumán, Argentina.
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2009 Jan;4(1):66-76. doi: 10.2174/157489109787236300.
High altitude Andean lakes are placed in Puna desert over 4400 above sea level. Completely isolated, they are exposed to extreme environmental factors like high levels of salinity, UV radiation and heavy metals and low concentrations of phosphorus. Nevertheless, they are the habitat of enormous populations of three flamingo species that migrate among these Lakes. Previous reports have determined that bacteria isolated from these environments present high levels of resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this work was to determine the diversity of antibiotic resistant bacteria in water from Andean Lakes and their connection with flamingo enteric biota. Bacteria from water and birds faeces from high altitude Lakes: Laguna (L.) Aparejos, L. Negra, L. Vilama and L. Azul (all are located between 4,200 and 4,600 m altitude) were isolated by plating in five different Antibiotics (ampicillin, 100 microg ml(-1); chloramphenicol, 170 microg ml(-1); colistin , 20 microg ml(-1); erythromycin, 50 microg ml(-1) and tetracycline 50 microg ml(-1)). 56 bacteria were isolated and identified by 16 S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated bacteria were determined for 22 different antibiotics. All identified bacteria were able to growth in multiple ATBs. Colistin, ceftazidime, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefalotin, ampicillin and erythromycin were the most distributed resistances among the 56 tested bacteria. The current results demonstrated that antibiotic resistance was abundant and diverse in high altitude Lakes. Also the present article indicates some useful patents regarding the isolation of bacteria able to grow in the present of antibiotics.
安第斯高原湖泊位于海拔4400多米的普纳沙漠。这些湖泊完全与世隔绝，面临着高盐度、紫外线辐射、重金属含量高以及磷浓度低等极端环境因素。然而，它们却是三种火烈鸟大量栖息的地方，这些火烈鸟在这些湖泊之间迁徙。此前的报告已确定，从这些环境中分离出的细菌对抗生素具有很高的耐药性。这项研究的目的是确定安第斯湖泊水中抗生素耐药细菌的多样性及其与火烈鸟肠道生物群的联系。从海拔较高的湖泊（阿帕雷霍斯湖、黑湖、维拉马湖和阿苏尔湖，海拔均在4200至4600米之间）的水和鸟类粪便中分离细菌，将其接种在五种不同抗生素（氨苄青霉素，100微克/毫升；氯霉素，170微克/毫升；黏菌素，20微克/毫升；红霉素，50微克/毫升；四环素，50微克/毫升）中。通过16S rDNA测序分离并鉴定了56株细菌。测定了分离出的细菌对22种不同抗生素的耐药谱。所有鉴定出的细菌都能在多种抗生素中生长。黏菌素、头孢他啶、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、头孢噻吩、氨苄西林和红霉素是56株受试细菌中分布最广的耐药类型。目前的结果表明，高海拔湖泊中抗生素耐药情况丰富且多样。此外，本文还指出了一些关于分离能在抗生素存在下生长的细菌的有用专利。
