Nolan Bridgit V, Taylor Sarah L, Liguori Anthony, Feldman Steven R
Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071, USA.
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009 Feb;25(1):12-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00392.x.
Recent studies have identified reinforcing properties associated with tanning and suggest a possible physiologic mechanism and addiction driving tanning behavior.
This article attempts to synthesize the existing literature on tanning and addiction to investigate possible associations.
We investigated a variety of substance dependence models to define what constitutes dependence/addiction and to determine how current studies on tanning meet these criteria.
In some individuals, tanning has met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria for a substance-related disorder or tanning-modified Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener criteria. Trial studies have demonstrated the induction of withdrawal symptoms in frequent tanners.
Additional studies are needed to investigate the associated dependency and addiction more fully and to elucidate its similarities to other better-known addictive syndromes.
Tanning is a problem behavior, both as a health risk and as a possible dependency. Future studies, especially in the area of cognitive mapping and cue-related stimuli are needed. Imaging studies may be important in elucidating whether the same areas of the brain are involved in tanning addiction as in other addictive syndromes.
近期研究已确定与晒黑相关的强化特性，并提出了一种可能的生理机制以及促使晒黑行为的成瘾因素。
本文试图综合有关晒黑与成瘾的现有文献，以研究可能存在的关联。
我们研究了多种物质依赖模型，以界定构成依赖/成瘾的因素，并确定当前关于晒黑的研究如何符合这些标准。
在一些个体中，晒黑已符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中与物质相关障碍的标准，或符合晒黑修正版的减少、烦恼、内疚、警醒标准。试验研究已证明，频繁晒黑者会出现戒断症状。
需要更多研究来更全面地调查相关的依赖性和成瘾性，并阐明其与其他更知名成瘾综合征的相似之处。
晒黑既是一种健康风险，也是一种可能的依赖行为。未来需要开展研究，尤其是在认知映射和线索相关刺激领域。成像研究对于阐明大脑中与晒黑成瘾相关的区域是否与其他成瘾综合征相同可能很重要。
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