Siksou Léa, Triller Antoine, Marty Serge
INSERM, U789, Paris, France.
J Neurochem. 2009 Mar;108(6):1336-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05888.x. Epub 2009 Jan 19.
In response to calcium influx, some of the synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals fuse rapidly with the presynaptic membrane, allowing fast synaptic transmission. The regulated recycling of synaptic vesicles at the terminals is required for a sustained release of neurotransmitters. Localization of 'ready to be released' vesicles in close vicinities to voltage-gated calcium channels enables the rapid release of neurotransmitters. Thus, recycling vesicles must translocate from the sites of endocytosis to these release sites. However, the sub-cellular organization that supports this local vesicular traffic remains poorly understood. We will review the results of various electron microscopy studies, which have begun to unveil the structure of presynaptic terminals.
作为对钙内流的反应，突触前终末中的一些突触小泡会迅速与突触前膜融合，从而实现快速突触传递。终末处突触小泡的调节性再循环是神经递质持续释放所必需的。“随时准备释放”的小泡定位在电压门控钙通道附近，使得神经递质能够快速释放。因此，再循环小泡必须从内吞作用位点转运到这些释放位点。然而，支持这种局部小泡运输的亚细胞组织仍知之甚少。我们将回顾各种电子显微镜研究的结果，这些研究已开始揭示突触前终末的结构。
