Helton William S, Matthews Gerald, Warm Joel S
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2009 Mar;130(3):204-13. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.12.006. Epub 2009 Jan 23.
Effects of environmental variables on performance may be mediated by individual stress states. In this study the effects of jet-aircraft engine noise and signal salience on vigilance performance and self-reported stress state were examined. One hundred and ninety-two (96 female and 96 male) participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions consisting of 48 participants each resulting from the factorial combination of signal salience (high and low salience signals) and noise (95 dBA intermittent aircraft noise or quiet). Performance metrics and self-reported stress state (Task Engagement, Distress, and Worry) were collected. Performance in the noise conditions was significantly better than in the quiet conditions. Performance in the high salience conditions was significantly better than the low salience conditions. Noise elevated Task Engagement and low signal salience elevated Distress. Moreover, structural equation model analyses were used to examine stress state mediation between the experimental variables and performance. These analyses indicated Engagement mediates between noise and vigilance performance.
环境变量对绩效的影响可能由个体应激状态介导。在本研究中，考察了喷气式飞机发动机噪声和信号显著性对警觉绩效及自我报告的应激状态的影响。192名参与者（96名女性和96名男性）被随机分配到四个实验条件组，每组48人，这四个条件组是由信号显著性（高显著性信号和低显著性信号）和噪声（95分贝间歇性飞机噪声或安静环境）的因子组合产生的。收集了绩效指标和自我报告的应激状态（任务投入、痛苦和担忧）。噪声条件下的绩效显著优于安静条件下的绩效。高显著性条件下的绩效显著优于低显著性条件下的绩效。噪声提高了任务投入，低信号显著性提高了痛苦程度。此外，使用结构方程模型分析来检验实验变量与绩效之间的应激状态中介作用。这些分析表明，任务投入在噪声和警觉绩效之间起中介作用。
